66 JAMESTOWN CONGRESS OF HORTICULTURE 



Nova Scotia has long been noted for her apples. The most 

 favored districts are the Annapolis and Cornwallis valleys where ap- 

 ples, pears, plums and cherries can be grown and where even peaches 

 can be successfully raised. These valleys have a total length of about 

 100 miles and vary in width from six to eleven miles. Fruit culture is 

 not confined to this district but over most of the province the hardier 

 fruits can be grown successfully. New Brunswick has not yet devel- 

 oped her fruit industry to any great extent, but in some of the valleys 

 apples and other hardy fruits of the finest appearance and best quality 

 can be and are produced. 



Prince Edward Island, the smallest province of the Dominion, 

 produces excellent tree fruits, and owing to the late season the apples 

 grown there keep better than in any other part of the Dominion. 



British Columbia, the area of which is about 370,000 square miles, 

 or more than twice the size of California, has large sections of coun- 

 try splendidly adapted to fruit culture. Like the states of Oregon and 

 Washington, with which her natural conditions may be compared, Brit- 

 ish Columbia has a number of districts where the conditions differ from 

 one another. Three of. these are first, in the damp coast climate of 

 Vancouver Island and the lower mainland ; second, in the dry interior 

 country where irrigation is, as a rule, necessary, and third, in the 

 Kootenays, east and west, where irrigation is necessary only in 

 places. In these districts all the best fruits, including peaches, can be 

 grown to great advantage. 



The prairie provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta and 

 the great districts to the north produce excellent bush fruits, but the 

 tree fruits have for the most part not done well up to the present, 

 although the time is coming when these provinces will be producing at 

 least apples and plums of their own. 



These are the possibilities of fruit culture in Canada. What are 

 the actual facts? 



When the last census was taken in 1901 the total number of fruit 

 trees in Canada was 21,201,239, and it is thought that the number has 

 increased by at least 10 per cent since that time, making the total num- 

 ber now over 23,000,000 trees, occupying about 410,000 acres, with a 

 capital value of nearly $75,000,000. 



There is an annual export of apples from Canada of from 1,200,000 

 to 1,500,000 barrels, the province of Ontario supplying about 1,000,000 

 of these and Nova Scotia from 300,000 to 500,000, a limited quantity 

 going from some of the other provinces. British Columbia, which is 

 now producing increasing quantities of fruits of many kinds yearly, is 

 bending her efforts to supplying the prairie provinces, and has been 

 very successful in placing her fruits on these markets in good condi- 

 tion. Ontario is a close competitor of British Columbia for this trade 

 at present, but the increase in population is so rapid that it will take 

 both provinces to supply the demand for a long time to come. 



What are the influences affecting Canadian horticulture to-day? 

 They may be discussed but briefly. The Dominion experimental 



