NATIONAL COUNCIL OF HORTICULTURE 87 



this connection because, I think, it is the largest undertaking of its 

 kind ever attempted. I also think that it is the largest tree anywhere 

 in the eastern or middle states, and should be glad, if any member 

 of the Council, should he find a larger one, let me know of it. 



We are also treating a fine avenue of tulip trees on the estate of 

 Mr. James T. Woodward, at Collington, Md. ; amongst them are some 

 giants, one or two of them being about nine feet in diameter with 

 some very bad cavities to fill. We are also treating the street and 

 campus trees around St. John's College, Annapolis, Md. Here I find 

 great damage done to the trees by the wires of the electric light, 

 telephone and telegraph companies ; they having used the trees as guys 

 for their poles, the wires are girdling and fast killing the huge branches, 

 and in many cases the entire tree. I called the attention of the author- 

 ities to this fact, and advised them that the companies should remove 

 their wires, but if they wished to accommodate the different companies 

 by allowing them to use the trees as guys for their poles they could do 

 so without any injury to the tree, and I showed them how an eye- 

 bolt could be put through the tree using a plate and nut at the strain- 

 ing point, which we would countersink into the tree, and then cap 

 with cement, so that the bark would grow over the bolt. The com- 

 panies could then transfer their wires from the tree to the eye of 

 this bolt, which would give them a much more perfect guy than the 

 ruinous method adopted. All parties were very much pleased with 

 this suggestion, and the companies authorized us at once to place the 

 bolts in position at their expense. 



I think that every town and city in the United States should insist 

 wherever the wires of the electric light, telephone or telegraph must 

 run through or near the trees that the running of these wires through 

 the trees and the guying of the poles to the trees should be done under 

 the supervision of a competent forester. In doing so the trees could 

 be utilized without any injury to them whatever. 



The preservation of the tree, I think, is one of the essentials of 

 civic improvement. Mr. Manning in his article mentioned the fact 

 unknown to the general public, that there was a great deal of private 

 interest in civic improvements. This is, I think, clearly shown in the 

 case that I have called to your attention. 



The work I am doing on the old Liberty tree at Annapolis is the 

 gift of James T. Woodward, of the Hanover National Bank of New 

 York. Mr. Woodward is much interested in St. John's College, and 

 in the old Liberty tree. Few people realize how great a gift this 

 work is. 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 

 JOHN C. OLMSTED, BROOKLINE, MASS. 



Landscape Gardening is the art of improving grounds for use 

 and enjoyment with due regard to beauty. 



Landscape gardeners should be educated in architecture, civil engi- 

 neering, and horticulture in architecture, because all works of land- 



