PELICANS 183 



ers; a tuft of black feathers on either side of the head ; a few white ones over 

 the eye. Ads. in winter. Similar, but without tufts on the head. Im. Top 

 of the head and back of the neck blackish brown; upper back, scapulars, 

 and wing-coverts brownish gray, each feather margined with black; rump 

 glossy black; sides of the head and foreneck grayish white, whiter on the 

 breast and changing gradually to black on the lower belly. L., 30' 00; W M 

 12-50; T., 6'20; B., 2'30. 



Range. E. N. Am. Breeds from cen. Sask. (casually Great Slave 

 Lake), s. Keewatin, ne. Que., and N. F. s. to n. Utah, S. D., s. Minn., and 

 Penobscot Bay, Maine; winters from N. C., (casually Mass.), s. to Gulf 

 coast; casual in Bermuda. 



Washington, casual, several records. Long Island, common T. V., in fall, 

 Aug. 26-Nov. 5; Apl. 20-May 15. Ossining, A. V., June. Cambridge, casual, 

 one instance, Sept. N. Ohio, casual T. V. 



Nest, of sticks, seaweed, etc., on the ledges of cliffs, in trees or bushes, 

 or on the ground. Eggs, 2-4, similar in color to those of the preceding, 

 2'40 x 1'40. Date, s. Lab., June 19; se. Minn., May 7. 



This is the common Cormorant of the middle Eastern States. We 

 see it chiefly as migrant when in flocks of varying size it passes far 

 overhead, or pauses to rest on our shores. In migrating the flock 

 is formed in a long line, comparatively few birds deep. On the wing they 

 bear a general resemblance to large Ducks or to Geese. 



1894. MACKAY, G. H., Auk, XI, 18-25 (habits in R. I.). 1911. SMITH, 

 F., Auk, XXVIII, 16-19 (breeding in Ills.). 



120a. P. a. floridanus (And.}. FLORIDA CORMORANT. Resembles 

 the preceding species in color, but is smaller. W., 12'00; T., 5'50; B., 2' 10. 



Range. Subtropical and temperate N. Am. Breeds from s. Ills., La., N. 

 C., Bahamas, and Cuba s. to British Honduras and Yucatan; winters n. 

 to Tex. and S. C. ; wanders to the Dismal Swamp, Va. 



Nest, in bushes or trees, preferably mangroves or cypresses. Eggs, like 

 those of preceding. Date, Walkulla, Fla., Mch. 20. 



This is an abundant bird on the Florida coast and westward along 

 the shores of the Gulf. Almost every buoy in the harbors of Florida 

 is capped by a Cormorant. 



121. Phalacrocorax yigua mexicanus (Brandt}. MEXICAN COR- 

 MORANT. Scapulars and wing-coverts pointed. Resembling P. auritus but 

 smaller, and feathers above more pointed. Ads. in breeding plumage with 

 pouch and face bordered posteriorly by white. L., 25'00; W., 10'25; B., 1*80. 



Range. New Mex., Kans., and s. Ills. s. to Gulf of Mex., Bahamas, 

 Cuba, Mex., and Nicaraugua. 



13. FAMILY PELECANIDTE. PELICANS. (Fig. 29.) 



The ten known species of Pelicans are distributed throughout the 

 warmer parts of the world. Three species are North American, of 

 which two are exclusively maritime and are found on our southern 

 coasts, while the third nests well to the north, in the interior, and win- 

 ters on the seacoasts southward. Pelicans are gregarious and nest in 

 colonies. Their flight is strong but leisurely, six or seven wing-strokes 

 being followed by a short sail, all the members of a flock flapping and 

 mailing in unison. They often mount to great heights, there to soar 



