324 WOODPECKERS 



Range. Transition and Upper Austral zones of ne. U. S., from Nebr., 

 e. Colo., and Okla., e. to middle and n. parts of E. States. 



Washington, rare P. R. Ossining, rare P. R. Cambridge, uncommon 

 W. V., one summer record. N. Ohio, common P. R. Glen Ellyn, fairly 

 common P. R. 



Nest, generally in a dead tree. Eggs, 4-6, white, '95 x "75. Date, Naz- 

 areth, Pa., Apl. 25; Cambridge, Apl. 22; Wheatland, Ind., Apl. 30. 



This species resembles the Downy Woodpecker in habits, but is less 

 frequently observed out of the woods. Its notes are noticeably louder 

 than the Downy's, and when one is familiar with both there is no diffi- 

 culty in distinguishing the two by their voices. 



In speaking of the difference which exists between the rolling tattoo 

 of some Woodpeckers, Mr. Brewster says: "Thus, D. pubescens has a 

 long, unbroken roll; D. villosus a shorter and louder one with a greater 

 interval between each stroke; while S. varius, commencing with a short 

 roll, ends very emphatically with five or six distinct disconnected taps. 

 In this latter species I am convinced it is literally a call of recognition, 

 as I have repeatedly seen the bird, after producing it, listen a moment 

 when it would be answered from a distance, and its mate wouM shortly 

 appear and join it" (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., XI, 1875, p. 144). 



393a. D. v. leucomelas (Bodd.). NORTHERN HAIRY WOODPECKER. 

 Similar to D. v. villosus but larger and whiter. L., lO'OO; W., 5'20. 



Range. Canadian zone from middle Yukon, cen. Mackenzie, cen. 

 Keewatin, and n. Que., s. to about the n. boundary of the U. S. 



393b. D. v. auduboni (Swains.). SOUTHERN HAIRY WOODPECKER. 

 Similar to D. v. villosus, but smaller, and with somewhat less white in the 

 plumage. L., 8'10; W, 4'50; T., 2'80; B., 1'15. 



Range. Austroriparian fauna from se. Mo., s. Ills., and s. Va. to se. 

 Tex. 



This is simply a small southern race of the preceding species. It 

 resembles the northern forms in habits, but is much more common, 

 being nearly as numerous as the Downy Woodpecker. 



Nesting date, San Mateo, Fla., Apl. 24; Weaverville, N. C., May 3. 



393g. D. y. terraenovse Batch. NEWFOUNDLAND WOODPECKER. Sim- 

 ilar to D. v. villosus, "but slightly larger, the black areas of the upperparts 

 increased, the white areas reduced both in number and size, especially in 

 the remiges and wing-coverts. W., 4'90" (Batchelder). 



Range. Newfoundland. 



394. Dryobates pubescens pubescens (Linn.). SOUTHERN DOWNY 

 WOODPECKER. Similar to D. p. medianus but smaller, browner below and 

 with the white markings more restricted. L., 6*00; W., 3*50. 



Range. Austroriparian fauna from N. C. to e. Tex. 



Nesting date, St. Simons, Ga., Apl. 12. 



394c. D. p. medianus (Swains.). DOWNY WOODPECKER. (Fig. 16a.). 

 Ad. tf. Upperparts black, a scarlet band on the nape; middle of the back 

 white; wing-feathers and their coverts spotted with white; middle tail- 

 feathers black, the outer ones white, barred with black; a white stripe above 

 and another below the eye; underparts white. Ad. 9. Similar, but with- 

 out scarlet on the nape. L., 6'83; W., 370; T., 2'53; B., '68. 



