CROWS AND JAYS 353 



narrow, lengthened, and pointed. "L., about i22*00-26'50; W., 16'99; 

 T., 9'86; B., 3'03; depth of B. at N.,1'04" (Ridgw.). 



Remarks. The Raven differs from the Crow in its much greater size and 

 in having long, pointed, instead of the usual short, rounded feathers on the 

 throat. 



Range. NW. Alaska, Melville Is., n. Ellesmere Land, and n. Greenland 

 s. to Wash., cen. Minn., Mich., and locally to coast region of N. J. and 

 Va., and in the higher Alleghanies to Ga. SE. Minn., uncommon W. V. 



Nest, compact and symmetrical, of sticks lined with grasses, wool, etc., 

 added to from year to year, in trees or on cliffs. "Eggs, 2-7, pale bluish green, 

 pale olive, or olive spotted or dashed (or both) with olive-brown (sometimes 

 nearly uniform olive from density of markings), 2'02 x 1*38" (Ridgw.). 

 Date, Grand Manan, Apl. 9. 



"The usual note of the Raven is a hoarse, rolling cr-r-r-crwcfc, but 

 he has other cries. . . . 



"Despite their difference in size and habits, I must confess that I 

 often had difficulty in distinguishing Ravens from Crows. Every one 

 must have noticed how the apparent size of a Crow will vary under 

 different conditions of the atmosphere; it is the same with the Raven. 

 At times he looks as big as an Eagle; at others scarcely larger than a 

 Fish Crow. But when actually in company with Crows he can not be 

 possibly mistaken, for he then appears, as he is, nearly double the size 

 of any of them. His flight did not seem to me as characteristic as it 

 has been described. True, he sails more than does the Crow, and there 

 is something peculiar in his wing-strokes, but the difference is not always 

 appreciable unless there is an opportunity for direct comparison" 

 (Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXII, 1883, p. 378). 



1910. HARLAN, R. C., Cassinia 11-18 (nesting in Pa.). 



488. Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm. CROW. 

 (Fig. 61fe.) Ads. Entire plumage black, with steel-blue or deep purplish 

 reflections; the underparts duller than the upperparts; feathers on the neck 

 normal, short, and rounded. L., 19'30; W., 12'18; T., 7'52; B., 2'00. 



Range. E. N. Am. Breeds from sw. Mackenzie, cen. Keewatin, cen. 

 Que., and N. F. s. to s. Tex., and the Gulf coast (except Fla.); winters from 

 near the n. boundary of the U. S. southward. 



Washington, abundant P. R. Ossining, common P. R. Cambridge, 

 common P. R., abundant T. V. N. Ohio, common P. R. Glen Ellyn, com- 

 mon P. R. SE. Minn., common S. R., Mch.-Nov., uncommon W. V. 



Nest, bulky, of sticks lined with strips of grapevine bark, grasses, moss, 

 etc., in trees, averaging about 30 feet up. Eggs, 4-6, generally bluish green, 

 thickly marked with shades of brown, but sometimes light blue or even 

 white with almost no markings, 1*65 x 1*19. Date, Wash., D. C., Mch. 27; 

 Delaware Co., Pa., Apl. 11; Ossining, N. Y., Apl. 14; Cambridge, Apl. 15; 

 se. Minn., Apl. 12. 



Throughout his wide range the size, color, voice, habits, and abun- 

 dance of the Crow combine to make him the most conspicuous and 

 consequently the best known of our birds. But in spite of his great 

 circle of acquaintances he has few friends. An unfortunate fondness 

 for corn has placed him under the ban of the agriculturist; there is a 

 price on his head; every man's hand is against him. Apparently he 

 does not mind this in the least; in fact, he seems to rejoice in being 

 an outlaw. As for fear, I doubt if he knows what it means; he has far 



