380 FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. 



or loss marked with black on the back; belly whitish; wings and tail black, 

 the greater and middle wing-coverts, and sometimes tertials, tipped with 

 white. This plumage is assumed at the first postnuptial molt. Ad. 9. Dull 

 olive-green, yellow on the rump, grayer on the underparts, mottled with 

 blackish on the head and back; wings and tail as in the d*. Im. cf. Similar 

 to 9, but plumage often with more or less pink. L., 6'05; W.. 3'27- T 2'41 

 B., '62. 



Range. N. N. Am. Breeds in Boreal zones s. to s. B. C., s. Alberta, 

 cen. Ont., N. Y. (Adirondacks), N. H. (White Mts.), s. Maine, and s. 

 N. S.; winters in much of its breeding area and s. irregularly to n. Ore. 

 (Cascades), Nev., Colo., Kans., s. Ills., s. Ohio and N. C. 



Washington, casual. Ossining, rare T. V., Oct. 29-Dec. 6. Cambridge, 

 irregular W. V. N. Ohio, rare W. V. Glen Ellyn, rare, fall records only, 

 Nov. SE. Minn., W. V., latest record Mch. 4. 



Nest, of twigs and strips of birch bark, covered exteriorly with moss 

 ( Usnea), and lined with soft moss and hair, on the fork of an evergreen in 

 deep forests. Eggs, 3 (?), pale blue, spotted and streaked near larger end 

 with reddish brown and lilac, *80 x '55 (Chamberlain). Date, Wolfeville, 

 N. S., Feb. 6 (Thayer Coll.). 



Goss writes that in general habits these birds resemble the American 

 Crossbill. Their flight is swift and undulating. While feeding and mov- 

 ing about they are quite noisy, almost constantly uttering a plaintive 

 wheep or cheeping note. Their song is low, soft, and sweet, much like 

 that of the American Goldfinch. 



527. Acanthis hornemanni hornemanni (Holb.}. GREENLAND 

 REDPOLL. Similar to the next, but "larger (length about 5'50-6'SO), with 

 proportionally thicker and less acute bill. & W., 3*37; T., 2'75; exposed 

 culmen, "35; depth of B. at base, *31." 



Range. Arctic Am. and Europe. Breeds in Greenland n. to 70 and 

 in Iceland; winters in its breeding area and s. to Ungava; casual at Ft. 

 Churchill, Hudson Bay, and Gait, Ont. 



527a. A. h. exilipes (Coues). HOARY REDPOLL. Ad. <?. Bill very 

 sharply pointed, a small tuft of bristly feathers over the nostrils; crown-cap 

 bright red ; back dark grayish brown, the feathers more or less margined with 

 white; rump white, generally unstreaked, and tinged with pink; wings and 

 tail brownish fuscous, the feathers all more or less edged with white; middle 

 of the throat blackish, breast tinged with pink, belly white, a few streaks on 

 the side. Ad. 9. Similar, but with no pink on the rump or breast. Im. 

 Similar to the 9, but without the red crown-cap. L., 5'00; W., 3'00; T., 2*30; 

 B., '30. 



Remarks. This species is to be distinguished from Acanthis linaria and 

 its races by the greater amount of white in its plumage, its unstreaked rump, 

 and comparatively unstreaked underparts. 



Range. Arctic Am. and ne. Asia. Breeds from w. Alaska to Ungava, 

 and on Chukche Peninsula, ne. Asia; winters occasionally s. to B. C., Mont., 

 11. Minn., Mich., Ills., Ont., Maine, and Mass. 



Cambridge, rare W. V. 



Nest, of grass and twigs lined with feathers, in a low tree or on the 

 ground. Eggs, 3-5, white, tinged with blue or green, spotted with reddish 

 brown, *65 x '50 (Chamberlain). Date, Ft. Chimo, Lab., May 19. 



528. Acanthis linaria linaria (Linn.). REDPOLL. Ad. <?. Bill very 

 sharply pointed, a small tuft of bristly feathers over the nostrils; crown-cap 

 bright red; back fuscous grayish brown, the feathers margined with ochra- 

 ceous-buff; rump tinged with pink; wings arid tail fuscous, the feathers more 

 or less edged with whitish; chin and upper throat blackish, breast suffused 



