420 WAXWINGS 



gray; belly white; outer web of first primary with a series of recurved hooklets 

 (sometimes absent in 9) ; no tuft of feathers above the hind-toe. Im. Simi- 

 lar, but without recurved hooklets on the first primary; throat and breast 

 more or less washed and wing-coverts edged with rufous. L., 5*75; W., 

 4'35; T., 2-10; B. from N., '19. 



Range. N. A. Breeds in Transition, Austral, and Tropical zones from 

 s. B. C., Mont., N. D., Minn., s. Wise., Ont., s. N. Y., cen. w. Mass., and 



Conn. s. to s. U. S. from s. Calif., to n. Fla., 

 and to Vera Cruz and Jalisco; winters from 

 cen. Mex. s. to Costa Rica; casual in Man. 



Washington, common S. R., Apl. 2-Sept. 

 3. Ossining, common S. R., Apl. 17- Aug. 12. 

 FIG. 111. Section of outer pri- N. Ohio, common S. R., Apl. 15-Sept. 20. 

 mary of adult Rough-winged SE. Minn., common S. R., Apl. 14-Aug. 26. 

 Swallow. (Enlarged.) Nest, of coarse grasses and feathers, under 



bridges, in stone walls, or in a hole in a bank. 

 Eggs, 4-8, white, '72 x '51. Date, D. C., May 17; se. Minn., May 21. 



Rough-winged Swallows resemble Bank Swallows both in habits 

 and appearance. They do not, however, always nest in holes in banks, 

 but are sometimes found nesting about bridges, railway trestles and 

 their abutments. 



With the Bank Swallow this bird differs from our other Swallows 

 in the absence of metallic colors, while from the Bank Swallow it is to 

 be distinguished by its plain, pale brownish gray, uniformly colored 

 throat and breast, and somewhat slower, less erratic flight. 



55. FAMILY BOMBYCILLIMJ. WAXWINGS. (Fig. 67.) 



Of the three known species of Waxwings, one (Bombycilla garrula) is 

 common to the northern parts of both the Old and New Worlds; one 

 (B. cedrorum) is found only in America, and one (B. japonica) is 

 restricted to eastern Asia. Our Waxwings are notable for the irregu- 

 larity of their migrations or wanderings, and B. cedrorum for the lateness 

 of its nesting season. Their voice is doubtless the least developed in the 

 group of so-called singing-birds. 



618. Bombycilla garrula (Linn.}. BOHEMIAN WAXWING. Ads. 

 Forehead, chin, and line through the eye velvety black; a conspicuous crest; 

 front of crown chestnut-rufous; upperparts rich grayish brown; upper tail- 

 coverts, wings, and tail grayish ; primary coverts and secondaries tipped with 

 white, the latter with small, red, seed-shaped sealing-wax-like tips; all but 

 the outer primaries tipped with yellow or white on the outer web ; end of tail 

 with a yellow band; breast like the back, grayer on the belly; under tail- 

 coverts chestnut-rufous. L., 8'00; W., 4'60; T., 2'60; B. from N., '29. 



Range. Boreal zones of N. Hemisphere. In N. A. breeds from n. Alaska, 

 n. Mackenzie, and cen. Keewatin s. to s. B. C. and s. Alberta; winters e. 

 to N. S. and s. irregularly to e. Calif., Colo., Kans., s. Ills., Ind., Ohio, Pa., 

 and Conn. ; casual in Ariz. 



Glen Ellyn, one record, Jan. 22, 1908. SE. Minn., irregular W. V., 

 until Apl. 1. 



Nest, of twigs, roots, moss, etc M in trees. Eggs, similar in color to those 

 of B. cedrorum, '92 x '65. Date, Cariboo, B. C., June 15. 



The distribution of this bird in the United States is not unlike that 

 of the Evening Grosbeak. It is exceedingly rare and irregular in the 



