WOOD WARBLERS 439 



white ; ear-coverts black ; inner webs of outer tail-feathers with white patches ; 

 wing-coverts black, tipped with white; throat and upper breast black or 

 black and white; sides streaked with black and white; middle of the belly 

 white. Ad. 9. Similar, but the underparts with fewer black streaks; sides 

 washed with brownish. Im. <?. Similar to the 9 , but with more streaks on 

 the underparts. L., 5'30; W., 273; T., 2'02; B. from N., '37. 



Range. E. N. Am. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and Austral 

 zones from cen. Mackenzie, s. Keewatin. n. Ont., N. F., N. S., and N. B. to 

 e. Tex., La., cen. Ala., and n. Ga., w. to S. D. and casually to Wyo., and 

 Colo. ; winters from Florida southward. 



Washington, abundant T. V., less common S. R., Apl. 8-Oct. 18. Ossin- 

 ing, common S. R., Apl. 18-Oct. 1. Cambridge, very common S. R., Apl. 

 25-Sept. 5. N. Ohio, common T. V., a few S. R., Apl. 22-Sept. 26. Glen 

 Ellyn, common T. V., Apl. 28-May 28; Aug. 11-Sept. 27. SE. Minn., com- 

 mon T. V., uncommon S. R., Apl. 23-Oct. 12. 



Nest, of strips of bark, grasses, etc., lined with rootlets or long hairs, on 

 the ground at the base of a stump, log, or rock. Eggs, 4-5, white, spotted 

 and speckled with cinnamon-brown to umber, chiefly in a wreath at the 

 larger end, '66 x *54. Date, Iredell Co., N. C., Apl. 18; New York City, 

 May 18; Cambridge, May 18. 



None of our Warblers can be more readily identified than this con- 

 spicuously marked creeper. It is generally distributed throughout wood- 

 land, and climbs with even more agility than a true Creeper, hanging 

 from the the under surface of branches and twigs, and flitting actively 

 from tree to tree after apparently the most superficial examination. 

 Its alarm note is a sharp pit, sometimes rapidly repeated. The usual 

 song is a thin, wiry, see-see-see-see. 



1910. STANWOOD, C. J., Journ. Me. Orn. Soc., XII, 61-66 (nesting). 



637. Protonotaria citrea (Bodd.). PROTHONOTARY WARBLER. Ad. 



d". Whole head, neck, and underparts rich orange, lighter on the belly; 

 back greenish yellow, changing to bluish gray on the rump; wings and tail 

 ashy; inner webs of all but middle tail-feathers white, except at tip; no 

 wing-bars. Ad. 9. Similar, but yellow paler, belly with more white. L., 

 5'50; W., 2-90; T., 1'85; B. from N., '42. 



Range. E. N. Am. Breeds in Austroriparian fauna and along river 

 bottoms of Carolinian fauna from ne. Nebr., se. Minn., s. Wise., s. Mich., 

 Ohio, cen. Del., and e. Md. s. to e. Tex., and n. Fla.; winters from Nicaragua 

 to Colombia; casual n. to N. Y., New England, Ont., and N. B., arid w. 

 to Ariz. 



Washington, of irregular occurrence in May. N. Ohio, one record, 

 May 9. Glen Ellyn, rare, spring only, May 13-15. SE. Minn., common 

 S. R. of Mississippi bottoms, May 7- Aug. 16. 



Nest, of rootlets, fine twigs, and moss, plant-down or feathers, in a hole in 

 a stub or stump, generally of a willow tree. Eggs, 5-7, white, thickly and 

 rather coarsely marked distinctly and obscurely with cinnamon-brown, 

 chestnut, or rufous-brown, '69 x '56. Date, Charleston, S. C., May 3; 

 Lewis Co., Mo., May 20; Mt. Carmel, Ills., May 8; Pierce Co., Wise., May 

 31; se. Minn., June 1. 



This exquisite Warbler frequents bushes and low trees particu- 

 larly willow trees hanging over the water. Its call-note so closely 

 resembles that of a Water-Thrush (Seiurus), I have sometimes mis- 

 taken it for that species. Its usual song, as Mr. Brewster remarks in 

 his admirable biography of this species, "sounds at a distance like 

 the call of the Solitary Sandpiper, with a syllable or two added a 



