450 WOOD WARBLERS 



Remarks. The white spot at the base of the primaries is the distinguish- 

 ing mark of this species. 



Range. E. N. Am. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones, from n. 

 Minn., cen. Ont., and ne. Que. s. to cen. Minn., s. Mich., s. Ont., Pa. (mts.), 

 and n. Conn.; winters from Key West, Fla., southward; in migration casually 

 to N. D., Nebr., Kans., Colo., and N. M.; accidental on the Farallon Islands. 



Washington, very common T. V., Apl. 19-May 30; Aug. 4-Oct. 9. 

 Ossining, common T. V., Apl. 25-May 28; Aug. 26-Oct. 10. Cambridge, 

 rather common T. V., May 10-25; Sept. 20-Oct. 10. N. Ohio, common 

 T. V., Apl. 27-May 29; Sept. 5-Oct. 16. Glen Ellyn, common T. V., Apl. 

 29-May 29; Aug. 25-Oct. 10. SE. Minn., uncommon T. V., May 11. 



Nest, of strips of bark, fine grasses, and pine needles, lined with hairlike 

 black rootlets, in the heavier undergrowth of dense woods, usually within 

 two feet of the ground. Eggs, 3-5, grayish white, with distinct and obscure 

 olive-brown markings, chiefly about the larger ends, '68 x '50. Date, Litch- 

 field, Conn., June 8; Lancaster, N. H., June 19; Kalamazoo Co., Mich., 

 May 29. 



Where the range of this species reaches the Canadian zone, it nests 

 in coniferous forests, but southward its summer home is in deciduous 

 woods, always, however, with a dense undergrowth. Its call-note is a 

 sharp, recognizable chip, its common song may be written zwee-zwee- 

 zwee, but it is subject to much variation, indeed Thayer (in " Warblers 

 of North America") describes three additional songs. 



The male Black-throated Blue Warbler can be identified at sight, 

 but his obscurely colored mate has been the cause of many a field 

 student's neckache. When flitting about with other Warblers it is 

 difficult to observe any positive character by which to distinguish her; 

 but the white spot at the base of the primaries is an unmistakable 

 mark, if one can see it clearly. 



65 la. D. c. cairnsi Coues. CAIRN'S WARBLER. Similar to D. c. 

 ccerulescens but d 1 with the back always more or less spotted with black, 

 sometimes the center of the back being entirely black. Ad. 9 generally 

 darker than 9 of c&rulescens. While specimens of true cczrulescens not infre- 

 quently show more or less black in the back, cairnsi is very rarely without 

 this character. 



Range. Breeds in Canadian and Alleghanian faunas in the Alleghanies 

 from Md. to Ga. ; winters in the W 7 est Indies. 



655. Dendroica coronata (Linn.}. MYRTLE WARBLER. (Fig. 119.) 

 Ad. c? . A yellow patch on the crown, rump, and each side of the breast; 

 upperparts bluish gray, streaked with black; two white wing-bars; outer 

 tail-feathers with white spots on their inner vanes near the tip ; throat white ; 

 breast and upper belly heavily marked with black; lower belly white. Ad. 

 9. Similar, but with less black below; breast simply streaked with black; 

 upperparts browner. Im. and ads. in winter. Yellow crown-patch more or 

 less concealed by brownish tips to the feathers; rump bright yellow; yellow on 

 the sides of the breast much reduced; upperparts grayish brown, streaked 

 with black; wing-bars grayish; tail with white patches; underparts soiled 

 white, streaked with black. L., 5'65; W., 2'85; T., 2'25; B. from N., '29. 



Remarks. The yellow patches on the crown, rump, and sides of the 

 breast are characteristic of this species. 



Range. N. A. except w. U. S. Breeds in Hudsonian and Canadian 

 zones from tree limit in nw. Alaska, n. Mackenzie, cen. Keewatin, and cen. 

 Ungava s. to n. B. C., s. Alberta, n. Minn., n. Mich., cen. Ont., N. H., and 

 Maine, and mts. of N. Y., Vt. and Mass.; winters from Kans., Ohio Val- 



