WOOD WARBLERS 453 



ment of this trill is broken or divided into syllables, like zee, zee, zee, 

 ze-ee-ee-eep. This latter variation is the one used by D. ccerulea, and 1 

 could detect little or no difference in the songs of dozens of individuals. 

 At best it is a modest little strain and far from deserving the encomium 

 bestowed upon it by Audubon, who describes it as 'extremely sweet and 

 mellow;' decidedly it is neither of these, and he must have confounded 

 with it some other species. In addition to the song they utter the almost 

 universal Dendroicine lisp and also the characteristic tchep of D. cor- 

 onata, which I had previously supposed entirely peculiar to that bird." 



659. Dendroica pensylvanica (Linn.). CHESTHUT-SIDED WAR- 

 BLER. (Fig. 121.) Ad. <?. Crown bright yellow, a black line behind the 

 eye; front part of the cheeks black; ear-coverts white; back streaked with 

 black and margined with bright olive-green; wing-bars yellowish white; 

 tail black, the outer feathers with white patches on their inner vanes at the 

 tip; underparts white, the sides chestnut. Ad. 9. Similar, but somewhat 

 duller in color. Ad. in fall and im. Very different; upperparts bright yellow- 

 ish olive-green, back sometimes streaked with black; wing-bars yellowish 

 white; underparts pure, silky white, the sides in ads. with spots or patches of 

 chestnut. L., 5'14; W., 2'45; T., 2'00; B. from N., '29. 



Range. E. N. Am. Breeds mainly in the Transition zone from cen. 

 Sask., nw. Man., cen. Ont., and N. F., s. to e. Nebr., Ills., Ind., n. Ohio, 

 n. N. J., and R. I., and s. in the Alleghanies to Tenn., and S. C., and cas- 

 ually in s. Mo. and the Wabash Valley; winters from Guatemala to Panama; 

 in migration casual in Fla., the Bahamas, and s. Mex. 



Washington, abundant T. V., Apl. 19-May 30; Aug. 10-Oct. 14. Ossin- 

 ng, tolerably common S. R., May 2-Sept. 24. Cambridge, abundant S. R., 

 May 5-Sept. 10. N. Ohio, T. V., May 2-25. Glen Ellyn, rare S. R., com- 

 mon T. V., May 1-Sept. 26. SE. Minn., common S. R., May 3-Sept. 15. 



Nest, of strips of bark, leaf stems, etc., lined with tendrils and rootlets, in 

 mshes, about 3 feet up. Eggs, 4-5, white, with numerous distinct and 

 obscure cinnamon- and olive-brown markings, chiefly in a wreath about 

 ;he larger end, '69 x '50. Date, New Haven, Conn., May 23; Cambridge, 

 May 26; Ann Arbor, Mich., May 20; se. Minn., May 29. 



When settled for the summer, Chestnut-sided Warblers may be 

 'ound in second growths, scrubby clearings, or the bushy borders of 

 woodlands. There is a suggestion in their movements of the restless 

 activity of the Redstart, as with drooped wings and slightly raised 

 bail they flit among the lower growth. They have two songs, both of 

 which closely resemble those of the Yellow Warbler, though a practiced 

 ear can at once recognize the song of either. 



Adults of this species are too conspicuously marked to be mistaken 

 *or any other Warbler, but in the fall have a care in identifying the 

 very differently colored young. 



660. Dendroica castanea (Wils.). BAY-BREASTED WARBLER. Ad. d 1 . 

 Forehead and cheeks black, a cream-buff patch on the sides of the neck; 

 crown chestnut; throat, upper breast, and sides chestnut-rufous; back brownish 

 ashy, streaked with black; two white wing-bars, inner vanes of outer tail- 

 feathers with white patches at their tips ; lower breast and belly buffy white. 

 Ad. 9. Crown olive-green, streaked with black and with generally some 

 chestnut; rest of upperparts as in the c?; underparts buffy white; breast and 

 sides more or less stained with rufous. Ad. in fall and im. Upperparts 

 bright olive-green, indistinctly streaked with black; wings and tail much as 



