The Three Cardinal Lines 



I have shown in the foregoing chapter, that the thoroughbred horse is simply de- 

 veloped from the Oriental horse by centuries of cultivation and good treatment. As 

 a proof of this I may state that the Godolphin Arabian was the tallest of the three 

 great surviving leaders of Oriental lines (being fourteen hands three inches high, while 

 his grandson, Babraham, was the first horse of thoroughbred blood known, by actual 

 measurement, to be sixteen hands high ; and very few Arabians of the present day 

 (a large number of which were imported into Australia, between 1850 and 1885) were 

 over fourteen hands high. 



Having described the only three Oriental horses whose male lines are now extant 

 the Darley Arabian, the Byerly Turk and the Godolphin Arabian the latter being 

 much the strongest factor up to 1800, I now come to their more modern exponents. 

 Eclipse, Herod and Matchem, ail other lines from these three Oriental sires being now 

 extinct. 



DARLEY ARABIAN BYERLY TURK. GODOLPHIN ARABIAN. 



Bartlett's Childers. Jigg- Cade, 1734. 



Squirt, 1732. Partner, 1718. Matchem, 1748. 



Marske, 1750. Tartar, 1743. 



Eclipse, 1764. Herod, 1758. 



By the above.it appears that Eclipse and Herod were^eur generations removed 

 from their fountain head while Matchem, ten years older than Herod and but sixteen 

 years older than Eclipse, was but two. I therefore take up the eldest of the three first. 



MATCHEM was a bay horse foaled 1748 and bred by Mr. John Holme, of Carlisle. 

 He was not trained until five years old when he raced as the property of William 

 Fenwick, of Bywell in Northumberland. He won his first race for the subscription 

 purse of 160 guineas at York, beating Barforth Billy by Forester and Bold by Cade. 

 He won six races without experiencing a single defeat, when he was beaten (at seven 

 years old) by Spectator, but beat Drawcansir at four miles, a few days later. In 1758 

 he won the Jockey Club plate at four miles, but was subsequently beaten by Mirza, 

 Jason third, Feather (favorite) fourth and Forester last. His last race was in that 

 same year for a 50 plate at Scarborough, in which he beat Foxhunter and Sweetlips. 

 He then retired permanently to the stud, at the low fee of five guineas, which was in- 

 creased to ten in 1765, twenty in 1770 and fifty in 1775. He was then twenty-seven 

 years old but got nineteen foals in that year. Matchem's get were on the turf just 

 twenty-three seasons, during which they won 150,097. He died at the ripe age of 

 23 -years in the spring of 1781. 



HEROD was bred by H. R. H. the Duke of Cumberland and was subsequently sold 

 to Sir John Moore. He won his first five races, three of them matches of 1000 

 guineas each, and met with his first defeat in a match of 1000 guineas each against Sir 

 James Lowther's Ascham, to whom he was giving 14 pounds. He then was beaten 



