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deep sandy soil with a porous subsoil. It will endure dry 

 situations and also very moist soils if not contiuously wet. 

 Open grown trees are generally very symmetrical in form. The 

 fine foliage has a soft appearance when contrasted with other 

 pines. Young trees will withstand shading for a few years 

 but will not make a good growth in such situations. Trees 

 planted under the shade of broadleaf trees in central Iowa, 

 after seven years' growth, average about 18 inches in height 

 while those planted under identical conditions, except that they 

 were given full light, average about 7 feet in height. 



The Wood: The wood is light in weight, soft, straight 

 grained, only moderately strong, and will not warp badly. It 

 is used very extensively for lumber, cabinet making, construc- 

 tion work, etc. The wood using industries of the state con- 

 sume more white pine wood than any other one species. 



Planting'. For windbreaks and shelterbelts space white 

 pine trees 8 to 10 feet apart in the rows, and the rows 10 to 12 

 feet apart. Use transplanted stock 6 to 18 inches high. 



For woodlot planting space about 8 by 8 feet apart. For 

 extensive work, use trees not to exceed 6 or 8 inches high. 

 Plantations at 40 to GO years of age in Iowa will produce 

 20,000 to 50,000 feet of lumber and yield good money returns. 

 Commercial planting should be restricted to sandy or gravelly 

 areas, steep slopes and isolated patches of land where agricul- 

 tural crops can not be profitably grown. 



For lawn or street planting the trees may be placed singly, 

 or if the yard is sufficiently large, they may be grouped to 

 present a larger and denser mass of foliage. For ornamental 

 planting, it is generally not advisable to attempt to plant trees 

 larger than 3 or 4 feet high, unless the planter is willing to go 

 to an excessive expense. 



For general planting in Iowa, the white pine is probably 

 as valuable as any of the evergreen species and will be used 

 extensively in the future.* 



RED PINE (NORWAY PINE) (Firms resinosa) 



The Tree'. The native range of the red pine is much the 

 same as the white pine, altho it is not native to Iowa. Young 

 trees grown in Iowa are very symmetrical in form, more stocky 

 than the white pine and the foliage has a coarse appearance, 

 due to the relatively large needles. The old bark is reddish 

 brown in color. In. its native range the trees often attain a 

 diameter of 3 feet. In central Iowa, on good soil, the red pine 

 equals the growth of white pine during at least the first ten 

 years and probably for the first 15 to 20 years. The red pine 

 will withstand a poor sandy soil, in fact, a poorer one than the 



*Extreme care should be exercised to secure white pine stock only from 

 nurseries or regions which are free from white pine blister rust. This rust 

 is doing: great damage to the white pine trees of eastern United States. 



