62 THE AMES FORESTER 



provement of the range by the permittees themselves in the 

 building of trails, and the development of watering places in 

 co-operation with the Forest Service to open new and formerly 

 unused range. Due to regulation, the former waste in the use 

 of forage has been stopped. By assigning permittees to defi- 

 nite allotments, and by regulating the time that each camp 

 on an allotment is to be used, the greatest good compatible 

 with economic results is now obtained from all the range. 



The educational features of the Forest Service administra- 

 tion should not be lost sight o. By experiment and by co- 

 operation with the stockmen in all parts of the west, various 

 problems in methods of handling stock on the range have 

 been worked out, and are being brought to the attention of 

 the users of the range. Among these problems may be men- 

 tioned : 



1. Water development. 



2. Salting; amount required, and best location for salt- 

 ing places in relation to watering facilities and forage. 



3. Deferred and rotation system of grazing. 



4. Bedding-out system of handling sheep. 



5. Poisonous plant studies. 



6. Forest Service influence in the destruction of preda- 

 tory animals. 



The regulation of cattle and horses on the various ranges 

 by drift fences built through the co-operation of the mem- 

 bers of the various live stock associations, has resulted in a 

 great saving of time, money and forage, and in a considerable 

 gain in beef. 



The following figures taken from the Annual Grazing Re- 

 port for this Forest will show approximately the value of the 

 forage resources of the Forest to the community: 



"The Forest will carry 6000 head of cattle yearlong. At 

 3 years of age they will be worth at the present market price, 

 $60 per head, or $20 per year for the three years. This would 

 amount to $120,000 for the cattle under year-long permit. 

 12,000 additional cattle can be cared for during the period 

 from April 1 to November 30. As it would cost about $15 

 per head to carry them through each of 2 winter seasons, 

 this would leave $10 yearly value through each of 3 years, 



