36 THE AMES FORESTER 



example, if white pine predominates on one description, the 

 white pine logs will be numbered beginning with I, consecutively, 

 until all are numbered or until the number 10,000 is reached, 

 when the series again begins with i, but with a line beneath as 

 JL 52: ^97' e ^- c -' thus doing away with writing large numbers. 

 All other logs from this description are classed under another 

 series, exactly as above in numbering. The species, however, 

 may be arranged as follows: Norway Pine, I to 100; Hemlock, 

 101 to 200; Spruce, 201 to 220; Balsam, 221 to 240; Birch, 241 

 to 260; Maple, 261 to 280; Oak, 281 to 300, etc., depending 

 of course on the amount of each Species on the description. The 

 scale books used contain 75 sheets or 7,500 logs in each book. 

 When one book is filled on one description another one is started, 

 taking the numbers beginning with the next number above the 

 last one in the old book, continuing until all the logs are scaled. 



The actual scaling of the logs is done with the Scribner Deci- 

 mal C rule. Deductions are made for defects and this, of course, 

 is the place where judgment is necessary. Various defects, such 

 as sap rot, stump rot, punk, shake, fire scars and damage, ant 

 holes, dry rot, etc., all require different methods of figuring 

 deductions, and the sealer must be sure of the scale of every 

 log before he records it, for the inspector may decide to find 

 out how much he gave for it. Lengths should be measured often 

 for the sawyers sometimes make mistakes of a few inches in 

 length, which often increases the scaling length of the log. 



The sealer must be very careful to always record the scale 

 of a log opposite its number for his book is his only record. 

 It would be easy to get the scale mixed if the sealers were not al- 

 ways open to inspection and required to keep their books correct. 



When the logs are being hauled by rail, and often in sleigh 

 haul camps, they are moved or loaded so fast that it is impossi- 

 ble for one man to number and scale them, and keep ahead of 

 the crew. In such cases a marker is provided for each sealer 

 who numbers the logs as they are scaled. This gives the sealer 

 time to inspect each log and be sure of his scale. A good 

 sealer, with a marker, can scale from 125,000 to 200,000 feet 

 of timber per day if necessary, varying, of course, with the size 

 of logs and the average amount of defects. 



Each sealer reports at the end of each week all timber scaled 

 by him during the week, a separate report being required for 

 each description from which logs were taken. Four copies of 

 each report are required, one to go to the purchasing company, 

 one copy to the Indian Agent's office for the use of the clerks in 

 figuring the value of the timber, one copy to the Indian allottee, 

 if land is allotted, or to the inspector if the land is tribal, and 

 one copy for his own reference, in making the next report from 



