THE FLORA OP LAKE VERMILLION, MINNESOTA 43 



Pine Island, one of the large islands still has considerable standing 

 white and Norway pine. Interspread with these species are the fol- 

 lowing trees: red maple, -basswood, paper birch, balsam fir and arbor 

 vitae. The undergrowth consists mainly of Cornus circinata, Corylus 

 rostrata, Acer spicatum, and Diervilla loniaera. Near to the shore lines, 

 Cornus stolonifera and Myrica gale. The herbaceous plants are much 

 the same as on the mainland. Of the conspicuous plants mention may 

 be made of Clintonia borealis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Linnaea borealis, 

 Pyrola secunda, Equisetum sylvaticum, Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, 

 Rhus toxicodendron. 



Several small lakes occur on the island. In Bass Lake Nuphar ad- 

 vena was observed in abundance. On the shores there was an abund- 

 ance of Iris versicolor, Sium cicutae folium, Calla palustris and Cal- 

 amagrostis canadensis. A small island lying a short distance from 

 Birch Point, the Isle of Pines, contains some virgin white and Norway 

 pines. The rock is near the surface. Of the plants observed mention 

 may be made of the following: an abundance of Polytrichum juniferi- 

 nica, Diervilla lonicera, Aspidium spinulosum, Pteris aquilina, and Poa 

 nica, Diervilla lonicera, Aspidium spinulosum, Piers aquilina, and Poa 

 serotina. Strawberry Island near Fa'bin's Bay and Birch Point has a 

 much smaller area than the other islands. All of the virgin pine has 

 been removed, young white spuce, white pine, arbor vitae are growing 

 up thickly. The rock lies close to the surface. Poa serotina covered 

 all of the vacant places. In dry places near the shore Rhus glabra, 

 Gnaphalium, and Cladonia rangerferina. The Lycopodium dendrodeum. 

 Aster corymbosus, Rosa blanda, Cornus circinata, Diervilla lonicera, 

 Hieracium canadense, Fragaria virginiana, Rubus idaeus var acule 

 atissimus, Epilobium spicatum, Chimaphila umbellata, Epipactis pub- 

 esoens, Solidago ulmifolia, Ribes triste, Polypodium vulgare, Aspidium 

 spinulosum, Pyrola secunda, Prunus virginiana, and Prunus pennsyl- 

 vanica. All of these islands soon (become covered with vegetation 

 after a fire. 



The lower end of the lake at the dam contains an interesting lot of 

 plants; Clintonia borealis, Eupatorium purpureum, Polygonatum bi~ 

 florum, Smilacina racemosa, Asplenium Filix-femina, Aspidium nove- 

 boracense, Impatens fulva, Aspidium spinulosum, Castalia odorata, 

 Nuphar advena, Scirpus lacustris, Scirpus atrovirens, Lemna trisculca, 

 Aster umbellatus, Solidago serotina, and Viburnum opulifolium. 



Some of the introduced plants found in the vicinitiy of Birch Point, 

 Schively and Tower are as follows: Cirsium arvense, Iva xanthiifolia, 

 Helianthus annuus, Russian thistle (Salsola Kali var tenuifolia), 

 Nepeta Cataria, Tanacetum vulffare, Artemisia tyiennis, Xanthium 

 canadense, Erigeron canadensis, Phleum pratens,e, Trifolium repens, 

 T. pratense, T. hybridum, and Rumex crispus. 



No attempt is made to give any of the literature bearing on the 

 plants of the region. It will only be necessary to refer to two papers, 

 the most important of which is by J. C. Arthur, which includes the 

 botanical work of Holway, Arthur, Bailey and Upham who did work 

 in the region in the eighties. Their camp was located in 48 north 

 latitude near Lake Vermillion. The trees and shrubs of the region are 

 given by F. C. /Clements, C. Otto, Rosendahl and F. K. Butters in 

 their Minnesota Trees and Shrubs." 



L. H. Bailey in the above contribution lists the white ash (Fraxinus 



Rep. Botanical work of Minn, for 1886. Bull Geol. and Nat. Hist. 

 Survey of Minnesota 3. 



Report of the Botanical Survey IX. 



