56 ANURA CHAP. 



Boulenger l has summarised the various conditions concerning the 

 deposition and care that is taken of the eggs, in the following 

 list, in which more recent discoveries have been interpolated. 



I. The ovum is small, and the larva leaves it ill a comparatively early 

 embryonic condition. 



A. The eggs are laid in the water : 



a. Without further care or preparations : probably the majority 

 of Anura ; all European forms, except Alytes. 



b. The eggs are laid in a specially walled-in part of the pond : 

 Hyla faber. 



B. The eggs are deposited out of the water : 



a. In holes, or under grass, near the banks of pools. The larvae 

 are liberated and washed into the water by the next heavy 

 rain : Leptodactylus ocellatus, L. mystacinus, Paludicola gracilis, 

 Pseudophryne australis and P. bibroni. 



b. On leaves above the water, the larvae dropping down when 

 leaving the egg : Chiromantis rnfescens, Phyllomedusa iheringi, 

 Ph. hypochondrialis. 



II. The yolk is very large and the young undergoes the whole or part of 

 the metamorphosis within the egg ; at any rate the larva does not 

 assume an independent existence until after the loss of the gills. 



A. The eggs are deposited in damp situations, or on leaves. The 

 young escape as : 



a. Tadpoles : Arthroleptis seychellensis, Rhacophorus schlegeli, Rh. 

 maculatus. 



b. Perfect, air-breathing frogs : Rana opisthodon, Hylodes mar- 

 tinicensis, Hyla nebulosa. 



B. The eggs are carried by a parent. 



a. By the male : 



a. Round the legs ; the young leaves the egg in the tadpole 



stage : Alytes. 

 P. In the enlarged vocal sacs ; the young leave in the perfect 



state : Rhinoderma. 



b. By the female : 



a. Attached to the belly : Rhacophorus reticulatus. 



ft. Attached to the back ; the young complete their metamor- 

 phosis within the egg : Pipa. 



y. In a dorsal pouch which the young leave as tadpoles : Noto- 

 trema marsupiatum ; or in the perfect state : Nototrema 

 testudineum, N. cornutum, N. oviferum, JN. fissipes, and Hyla 

 yoeldii. 



The development and metamorphosis of many species have 

 been described in the systematic part. The following is a short 

 general account of some of the more important features. Meta- 

 morphosis in the Apoda and Urodela is restricted chiefly to the 

 reduction of the gills, the closing of the clefts, and the loss of the 



1 Ann. Nat. Hist. (5), xvii. 1886, p. 463. 



