CYSTIGNATHIDAE HEMIPHRACTINAE 2 I I 



very small and numerous. The tongue is round and very small. 

 H. scutatus, the only species, living in Ecuador and Colombia, is 

 a frog-like creature, with a large helmet-shaped head. Total 

 length 2j inches. 



Ceratoliyla has the same kind of helmet-shaped head, and the 

 orbit is likewise enclosed by bone, but the terminal phalanges 

 are claw-shaped and carry regular adhesive discs. This genus, 

 the five species of which live in Ecuador, bears undoubted 

 resemblances to the Hylidae. In C. proloscidea the upper eyelid 

 is produced into a little upright fold, as in AmphignatJiodon 

 and some species of Nototrema and Ceratophrys among Cysti- 

 gnathidae. The snout is produced into a long, compressed, bifid 

 appendage, and the heel carries a triangular flap. In C. bubalus 

 the partly ossified helmet sends out a pair of diverging processes, 

 formed by the squamosals, extending backwards and sideways 

 from the concave and ridged interorbital spaces. The tip of the 

 snout and the tips of the divergent horns form an equilateral 

 'triangle, and the whole head bears a striking resemblance to 

 some of the fossil Eeptiles from the Elgin Sandstone, e.g. 

 Triceratops. Total length 3 inches. 



Amphodus ivucheri. The only species of this genus has been 

 found near Bahia. It has teeth on the palatine bones and five 

 series of small teeth on the parasphenoid, but none on the vomers. 

 The teeth of the mandible number about eleven on each side 

 and decrease in size towards the symphysis. The tympanum is 

 distinct ; the heart-shaped tongue is free behind. The cranial 

 bones are only slightly pitted. The skin is smooth above, 

 chocolate-brown, spotted with yellow, and with a yellow band 

 on the sides of the body beginning with the upper eyelid and 

 ending in a broad patch above the vent. The under parts are 

 yellowish white. 



Sub-Fam. 2. Cystignathinae. The upper jaw alone is provided 

 with teeth. Vertebrae procoelous. The twenty-seven genera of 

 this sub-family have been arranged in the following key, merely 

 for convenient determination. 



I. American genera. 



A. The metasternum forms a cartilaginous plate without a narrow 



handle. The pupil contracts into a horizontal slit. 

 a. The terminal phalanges are bifurcated, Y-shaped, and provided 

 with large discs ; the tympanum is distinct ; the omosternum 

 is absent . . . Gentrolene geckoideum, Ecuador. 



