THE TEMPORO-MANDIBULAR REGION. 



311 



frontalis, and by part of the Orbicularis palpebrarum. The temporal vessels and 

 the auriculo-temporal nerve cross it from below upward. Above, it is a single 

 layer, attached to the entire extent of the upper temporal ridge ; but below, where 

 it is attached to the zygoma, it consists of two layers, one of which is inserted into 

 the outer, and the other into the inner, border of the zygomatic arch. A small 

 quantity of fat, the orbital branch of the temporal artery, and a filament from the 

 orbital, or temporo-malar, branch of the superior maxillary nerve, are contained 

 between these two layers. It affords attachment by its inner surface to the 

 superficial fibres of the Temporal muscle. 



Dissection. In order to expose the Temporal muscle, remove the temporal fascia, which 

 may be effected by separating it at its attachment along the upper border of the zygoma, and 

 dissecting it upward from the surface of the muscle. The zygomatic arch should then 

 be divided in front at its junction with the malar bone, and behind near the external auditory 

 meatus, and drawn downward with the Masseter, which should be detached from its inser- 

 tion into the ramus and angle of the jaw. The whole extent of the Temporal muscle is then 

 exposed. 



The Temporal (Fig. 199) is a broad, radiating muscle situated at the side of the 

 head and occupying the entire extent of the temporal fossa. It arises from the 

 whole of the temporal fossa except that portion of it that is formed by the malar 

 bone. Its attachment extends from the external angular process of the frontal in 

 front to the mastoid portion of the temporal behind, and from the curved line on 

 the frontal and parietal bones above to the pterygoid ridge on the great wing of 

 the sphenoid below. It is also attached to the inner surface of the temporal fascia. 

 Its fibres converge as they descend, and terminate in an aponeurosis, the fibres of 



FIG. 199. The Temporal muscle, the zygoma and Masseter having been removed. 



which, radiated at its commencement, converge into a thick and flat tendon, which 

 is inserted into the inner surface, apex, and anterior border of the coronoid process 

 of the jaw, nearly as far forward as the last molar tooth. 



Relations. By its superficial surface, with the integument, the Attrahens and 

 Attollens auriculam muscles, the temporal vessels and nerves, the aponeurosis of 

 the Occipito-frontalis, the temporal fascia, the zygoma, and Masseter; by its 

 deep surface, with the temporal fossa, the External pterygoid and part of the 

 Buccinator muscles, the internal maxillary artery, its deep temporal branches, 

 and the deep temporal nerves. Behind the tendon are the masseteric vessels and 



