THE SEVENTH OR FACIAL NERVE. 741 



At the point where it changes its direction, it presents a reddish gangliform swell- 

 ing (intumescentia ganglioformis, or geniculate ganglion"). On emerging from the 

 stylo-mastoid foramen it runs forward in the substance of the parotid gland, 

 crosses the external carotid artery, and divides behind the ramus of the lower jaw 

 into two primary branches, temporo-facial and cervico-faeial, from which numerous 

 offsets are distributed over the side of the head, face, and upper part of the neck, 

 supplying the superficial muscles in these regions. As the primary branches and 

 their offsets diverge from each other, they present somewhat the appearance of a 

 bird's claw ; hence the name of pes anserinus is given to the divisions of the facial 

 nerve in and near the parotid gland. 



The communications of the facial nerve may be thus arranged : 

 In the internal auditory meatus . With the auditory nerve. 



With Meckel's ganglion by the large 



superficial petrosal nerve. 

 With the otic ganglion by the small 

 From the geniculate ganglion . -{ superficial petrosal nerve. 



With the sympathetic on the middle 

 meningeal by the external superficial 

 [_ petrosal nerve. 



T *u -TO n- f With the auricular branch of the pneumo- 



In the lallopian aqueduct . . < 



( gastric. 



f With the glosso-pharyngeal. 



At its exit from the stylo-mas toid j With the pneumogastric. 



foramen . . . . "j With the auricularis magnus. 



[^With the auriculo-temporal. 



Behind the ear .... With the small occipital. 



On the face ... . . . With the three divisions of the fifth. 



In the neck .... With the superficial cervical. 



In the internal auditory meatus some minute filaments pass between the facial 

 and auditory nerves. 



Opposite the hiatus Fallopii, the gangliform enlargement on the facial nerve 

 communicates with Meckel's ganglion by means of the large superficial petrosal 

 nerve, which forms its motor root ; with the otic ganglion, by the small superficial 

 petrosal nerve ; and with the sympathetic filaments accompanying the middle men- 

 ingeal artery, by the external petrosal (Bidder). From the gangliform enlarge- 

 ment, according to Arnold, a twig is sent back to the auditory nerve. Just before 

 the facial nerve emerges from the stylo-mastoid foramen it generally receives a 

 twig of communication from the auricular branch of the pneumogastric. 



After its exit from the stylo-mastoid foramen, it sends a twig to the glosso- 

 pharyngeal, another to the pneumogastric nerve, and communicates with the great 

 auricular branch of the cervical plexus, with the auriculo-temporal branch of the 

 inferior maxillary nerve in the parotid gland, Avith the small occipital behind the 

 ear, on the face with the terminal branches of the three divisions of the fifth, and 

 in the neck with the transverse cervical. 



BRANCHES OF DISTRIBUTION. 



,,,. , . in 11 ( Tympanic, to the Stapedius muscle. 



Within the aqu^ductus Fallopn . - Q tmani> 



- tympani> 



, . , T Posterior Auricular. 

 At its exit from the stylo-mastoid 1 Di(rastric 



foramen ...... \ Stylo-hyoid. 



( Temporal. 

 , Temporo-facial < Malar. 



( Infra-orbital. . 

 On the face ...'..<< > Buccal. 



^ Cervico-faeial < Supramaxillary. 

 Inframaxillary. 



