THE TWELFTH OR HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE. 



755 



The branches of communication are with the 



Pneumogastric. 

 Sympathetic. 



First and Second Cervical Nerves. 

 Lingual (gustatory). 



The first mentioned takes place close to the exit of the nerve from the skull, 

 numerous filaments passing between the hypoglossal and lower ganglion of the 

 pneumogastric through the mass of connective tissue which here unites the two 

 nerves. It also communicates with the pharyngeal plexus by a minute filament 

 as it winds round the occipital artery. 



The communication with the sympathetic takes place opposite the atlas by 

 branches derived from the superior cervical ganglion, and in the same situation 

 the nerve is joined by filaments derived from the loop connecting the first two 

 cervical nerves. 



The communication with the lingual (gustatory) takes place near the anterior 

 border of the Hyo-glossus muscle by numerous filaments which ascend upon it. 



The branches of distribution are the 



Meningeal. 

 Descendens hypoglossi. 



Thyro-hyoid. 

 Muscular. 



Meningeal Branches. As the hypoglossal nerve passes through the anterior 



Hypo-glossal nerve. 

 Pneumogastric nerve. 

 Glosso-pharyngeal nerve. \ 



FIG. 406. Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches. 



condyloid foramen it gives off, according to Luschka, several filaments to the dura 

 mater in the posterior fossa of the base of the skull ; these filaments are probably 



