996 



THE URINARY ORGANS. 



The arteries supplying the ureter are branches from the renal, spermatic, 

 internal iliac, and inferior vesical. 



The nerves are derived from the inferior mesenteric, spermatic, and pelvic 

 plexuses. 



Surgical Anatomy. Subcutaneous rupture of the ureter is not a common accident, but 

 occasionally occurs from a sharp, direct blow on the abdomen, as from the kick of a horse. It 

 may be either torn completely across or only partially divided, and, as a rule, the peritoneum 

 escapes injury. If torn completely across, the urine collects in the retroperitoneal tissues ; if it 

 is not completely divided, the lumen of the tube may become obstructed and hydro-nephrosis or 

 pyo-nephrosis result. The ureter may be accidentally wounded in some abdominal operations ; 

 if this should happen, the divided ends must be sutured together, or, failing to accomplish this, 

 the upper end must be implanted into the bladder or the intestine. 



THE SUPRARENAL CAPSULES. 



The Suprarenal Capsules belong to the class of ductless glands. They are two 

 small flattened bodies, of a yellowish color, situated at the back part of the abdo- 

 men, behind the peritoneum, and immediately 

 above and in front of the upper end of each kid- 

 ney ; hence their name. The right one is some- 

 what triangular in shape, bearing a resemblance 

 to a cocked hat ; the left is more semilunar, 

 usually larger and placed at a higher level than 

 the right. They vary in size in different individ- 

 uals, being sometimes so small as to be scarcely IH11|\IV UMLjConnective 



UlBBiit tissue - 



^Capsule. 



Zona 

 glomerulosa. 



Zona 

 fasciculata. 



Gland 

 cylinders. 



FIG. 555. Minute structure of suprarenal 

 capsule. 



Framework. 



^*'&%; *iv* ; I ; iw Zowa wuiam 



M 



FIG. 554. Vertical section of the suprarenal 

 capsule. From Elberth, in Strieker's Manual. 



Nuclei. 



Capillary. 



Gland 

 cells. 



FIG. 556. Minute structure of suprarenal 

 capsule. 



detected : their usual size is from an inch and a quarter to nearly two inches in 

 length, rather less in width, and from two to three lines in thickness. * Their average 

 weight is from one to one and a half drachms each. 



