Bichat, Marie Frar^ois Xavier, his 

 generalization of the animal organs, 

 322, 323; liis classification of all 

 animal structures into tissues, 324. 



Biela, Wilhelm von, his discovery of 

 the comet bearing his name, 58; 

 and its after career and destruc- 

 tion, 58, 59. 



Bii:ary composition of all chemical 

 compounds, theory of, 262-265. 



Biology, the great advances in the 

 science made possible through 

 eighteenth-century explorations, 35, 

 36; its progress during the nine- 

 teenth century, 288-320; eighteenth- 

 century theories of organic evolu- 

 tion, 288-293 ; Lamarck's theory 

 of the transmutation of species, 

 293-297 ; Cuvier's theory of special 

 creation ;ind fixity of species, 297- 

 302 ; Oken's theory of " sponta- 

 neous generation " and of evolution 

 of species, 298, 320; Darwin's 

 theory of the origin of species by 

 natural selection, or the "survival 

 of the fittest," 302-310; triumph 

 of Darwin's theory and how it was 

 effected, 310-317; theories regard- 

 ing the "origin of the fittest," 

 317-319 ; consideration of the next 

 step in organic evolution, 320. 



Biot, Jean Baptiste, his investigation 

 of the L'Aigle aerolite, 158 ; op- 

 poses the undulatory theory of light, 

 203, 223. . 



Black, Joseph, discoverer of latent 

 heat, 34, 171. 



Blood, the, discoveries relating to, 

 329, 349, 350. 



Boerhaave, Hermann, his theory of 

 the respiratory function, 39. 



Boillard, Dr., his researches in cere- 

 bral physiology, 419. 



Bois-Reymond, Emil du, his psycho- 

 physiological researches, 408. 



Bond, William C., his discovery of 

 Saturn's inner ring, 49. 



Boscovich, Ruggiero Giuseppe, his 

 speculation as to the ultimate con- 

 stitution of matter, 241. 



Braid, James, his investigation of 

 hypnotism, 415. 



Brain, the, Cabanis's conception of 



the action and functions of, 414, 

 415. See Psychology. 



Bredichin's cometary theory, 54, 55. 



Brewster, Sir David, refuses to accept 

 the theory of the conservation of 

 energy, 218; his suggested im- 

 provement of lenses, 325, 326. 



Broca, Paul, his discovery of cerebral 

 localization, 419, 422. 



Brodie, Sir Benjamin, his untimely pre- 

 diction regarding anaesthetics, 366. 



Brongniart, Alexandre, how lie ac- 

 counted for the bowlders on the 

 Jura, 131; his study of strata 

 around Paris, 138. 



Brontotheridce, or 7'if another ex, their 

 line of descent, 121. 



Brown, Robert, his discovery of the 1111- 

 cleu.- of the vegetable cell, 330, 331. 



Brown-Sequard, Charles Edouard, his 

 investigations of the nervous sys- 

 .tem, 405. 



Bruno, Giordano, believed some of 

 the planets inhabited, 12; burned 

 at, the stake for teaching that our 

 earth is not the centre of the uni- 

 verse, 16. 



Buch, Leopold von, his conception of 

 the origin of mountains and of the 

 erratic bowlders on the Jura, 130; 

 dissents from the doctrine of special 

 creation, 301. 



Buckhmd, William, his discovery of 

 fossil bones at Kirkdale, Yorkshire, 

 and his deductions therefrom, 95 ; 

 how he accounted for the bowlders 

 on the Jura, 131 ; adopts the glacial 

 theory, 135. 



Buffon, Comte de (Georges Louis Le- 

 clerc), his early advocacy of the 

 theory of transmutation of species, 

 291, 292, 318. 



Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm, with the 

 assistance of Kirchhoff, perfects the 

 spectroscope, 70, 283. 



Burnham, S. W., his enthusiastic 

 search for double stars, 65. 



Biitschli, Professor, his theory of cell 

 formation, 454. 



CABANIS, PIERRE JKAX GEORGE, his 

 conception of the action and func- 

 tions of the brain, 414, 415. 



461 



