INDEX 



Marais, M., his description of a nine- 

 teen tli-century miracle, 157. 



Mars, discovery of its seven moons, 

 49. 



Marsh, Othniel Charles, his discovery 

 of new Tertiary species in the 

 Rocky Mountain region, and what 

 they signify, 114-121. 



Mastodon, the Warren, description of, 

 119. 



Maury, Matthew Fontaine, his the- 

 ory of the Gulf Stream, 178-180. 



Maxwell, James Clerk, determines the 

 character of Saturn's rings, 50; his 

 theories in reference to electricity 

 and magnetism, and to light and 

 electro-magnetism, 227 ; his testi- 

 mony as to the existence of an all- 

 pervading plenum, 230, 234 ; his 

 investigation of the kinetic theory 

 of gases, 242-244. 



Mayer, Julius Robert von, his share 

 in establishing the doctrine of the 

 conservation of energy, 214, 215- 

 217, 221, 225, 435, 436. 



Medical science : Jenner's eighteenth- 

 century discovery of the method of 

 preventing small-pox, 42, 43 ; prog- 

 ress of the science during the nine- 

 teenth century, 354-394 ; discov- 

 ery and development of percussion 

 and auscultation in the diagnosing 

 of disease, 354-359 ; introduction of 

 the "statistical method," 360; 

 causes of '' gale re percutee " (itch), 

 of trichinosis, and of favus dis- 

 covered, 360-365 ; discovery of 

 anaesthesia, 365-375 ; processes of 

 fermentation and putrefaction in- 

 vestigated, 375 - 380 ; cause of 

 contagion discovered, 380-382 ; 

 discovery and establishment of 

 antisepsis in surgery, 382-386; 

 discovery and development of pro- 

 tective vaccination by virus pre- 

 pared in the laboratory 386-390 ; 

 discovery and development of the 

 serum-therapy method of curing 

 disease, 390-394. 



Meldrum, Mr., on the effects of sun- 

 spots, 166. 



Mendeleeff, Dmitri, confirms the " law 

 of octaves " under the title of 



" periodic law," 280, 283 ; his dis- 

 sociation theory of atoms, 448. 



" Meteoric hypothesis," the, of J. 

 Norman Loekyer, 83-86. 



Meteorites. See Aerolites. 



Meteorology, its eighteenth- century 

 students' views of the imponder- 

 ables, 25, 26 ; its triumphs and 

 failures in the nineteenth century, 

 15V-191 ; study and determination 

 of the origin and nature of aero- 

 lites, 157-162; speculations regard- 

 ing the aurora 162-167; problem 

 of dew formation solved, and of 

 clouds, rain, snow, and hoar-frost, 

 167-172; study of climatic con- 

 ditions, and speculations as to the 

 influences which affect them, 172- 

 182, 191 ; aerial currents investi- 

 gated, and their laws determined, 

 182-191 ; the greatest triumph of 

 practical meteorology, 191. 



Meteors, determination of their origin 

 and character, 59, 60. 



Meyer, Lothar, his confirmation of 

 the " law of octaves," 280. 



Microscope, nineteenth - century im- 

 provements in, 324-328 ; the inven- 

 tion of the compound microscope, 

 327, 328. 



Miller, William Allen, his spectro- 

 scopic investigations, 70. 



Mitscherlidi, Eilhard, his discovery of 

 isomorphism, 261. 



Mohl, Hugo von, his discovery of 

 protoplasm, 338, 339 ; his theory 

 of cell formation, 343, 344. 



Mohr, Karl Friedrich, his share in the 

 discovery of the doctrine of the 

 conservation of energy, 214, 215, 

 221, 225. 



Molecules, theories as to their dis- 

 tribution, properties, dimensions, 

 etc., 242-251, 275-278; their iso- 

 morphous property, 261 ; establish- 

 ment of the law of molecular struct- 

 ure, 265-269, 272-275 ; some un- 

 solved problems regarding, 448, 449. 



Moon, the, how its acceleration is ac- 

 counted for, 50-53. 



Morton, William, T. G., demonstrates 

 tlie practicability and benefit of 

 anaesthesia, 369, 370, 375. 



469 



