INDEX 



Morveau, Guyton de, and the new 

 chemistry, 32. 



Miiller, Johannes, his discovery of 

 the resemblance between animal 

 and vegetable cells, 331, 332, 337; 

 his study of the nervous system, 

 404 ; his discovery of the means of 

 hardening and preserving brain 

 tissues, 424.' 



Murchison, Roderick Impey, combats 

 the uniformitarianism of Lyell, 130; 

 his classification of transition rocks 

 into chronological groups, 138. 



NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, how his choice 

 of a physician influenced the prog- 

 ress of medical science, 354, 355, 

 360. 



Neanderthal skull, its discovery and 

 description, 110. 



Nebulae, investigation of, and theories 

 concerning, 13-17, 79-87. 



" Nebular hypothesis," the, its con- 

 ception and completion, -13-1 7, 84. 



Neptune, how it was discovered, 48, 

 49. 



Neptunists, theory of the, 123-125. 



Nervous system, the, discoveries re- 

 lating to, 401-407. 



Neurons, the theory of, 430, 431. 



New photography, the, 2, 5, 284-286. 



Newburg, New York, description of 

 the mastodon found there, 119. 



Newlands. John A. R., discovers the 

 " law of octaves," 280. 



Newton, Professor, determines the 

 true character of meteor showers, 

 59. 



Newton, Sir Isaac, his hypothesis of 

 universal gravitation, systematized 

 by Laplace and Lagrange, 15 ; pro- 

 nounced impious and heretical in 

 1700, 16; his blow at the super- 

 natural character of comets, 54. 



OCEAN CURRENTS, speculations as to 

 their effects on climate, 178-182. 



Oersted, Hans Christian, his discovery 

 of the deflection of the magnetic 

 needle by electric currents, 207. 



Oken, Lorenz, his extension of the 

 theory of metamorphoses of parts 

 to the animal kingdom, 289 ; his 



theory of spontaneous generation 

 and of the evolution of species, 298. 



Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias, 

 his discovery of Pallas, 44, 47 ; his 

 explosion theory of the asteroids, 

 and the objections to it, 47 ; hi.-* 

 discovery of Vesta, 47 ; teaches the 

 true character of the comet's tail, 

 54 ; his theory of aerolites, 158. 



Olmsttd, Denison, determines the cos- 

 mical origin of shooting-stars, 161. 



Origin of species by natural selection, 

 theory of, 302-310. 



" Origin of the fittest," speculations 

 regarding, 317-319. 



Owen, Sir Richard, sustains Lyell 's 

 hypothesis of special creation, 105; 

 his discovery of the Trichina spi- 

 ralis, 363. 



PALEONTOLOGY, the work of its eigh- 

 teenth-century devotees, 23 ; the 

 story of its progress during the 

 nineteenth century, 88-122; the 

 true character of fossils first recog- 

 nized by Da Vinci, 88; William 

 Smith's early paleontological discov- 

 eries and his deductions therefrom, 

 89-91 ; Cuvier's studies and inves- 

 tigations, which result in the estab- 

 lishment of vertebrate paleontology, 

 91-94, 96; Buckland's Kirkdale 

 discovery and the contention re- 

 garding it, 95 ; other fossil discover- 

 ies, and the general acceptance of 

 Hutton's proposition that " time is 

 long," 95-97; the theory of catas- 

 trophism overthrown and the doc- 

 trine of unifonnitarianism es- 

 tablished, 97-102 ; controversy 

 regarding the theory of special 

 creation, 102-105 ; Darwin's Origin 

 of Specie*, and the general accept- 

 ance of his transmutation theory, 

 105-109 ; fossil discoveries of Fal- 

 coner, Fuhlrott, Schmerling, and 

 others, which demonstrate the ex- 

 istence of paleolithic man, 109- 

 114; discovery of new Tertiary 

 species in the Rocky Mountain 

 region, and of vertebrate fossils 

 elsewhere, which prove the truth 

 of evolution, 114-121. 



470 



