OMNIVORA THK SKUI.L. 



105 



VISCERAL SKELETON. 



In the adult Ruminant, two bones are 

 commonly found in the heart, and may be 

 termed the cardiac bones (ossa cordis). They 

 are found related with the auriculo-ventric- 

 nlar ring's. In shape they present three 

 angles, three borders, and two surfaces. The 

 left bone is considerably smaller than the 

 right 



OMNIVORA. 



The Omnivora are represented in Veterin- 

 ary Anatomy only by the Hog. 



FIG. 27. 



Bight cardiac bone of an Ox natural 

 sue. a, Anterior angle; 6 b, Posterior 

 angles ; e, Superior border ; d, Anterior 

 border ; e, Posterior border ; /, Eight 

 surface. 



AXIAL SKELETON*. 

 THE SKULL. 



In the skull of this animal the following points are noteworthy. The supra- 

 occipital bone forms a very prominent crest ; the occipital condyles and the 

 foramen magnum are small ; the styloid processes very long, inclining back- 

 wards. The parietal bones are early anchylosed, the superior surface being 

 contracted in the middle, with a sharp ridge on each side, limiting the temporal 

 fossa. The orbital process of the frontal bone is short, the frontal arch being 

 completed by a ligament ; in the centre of 

 the bone, about a third from its anterior 

 border, is the supraorbital foramen, and from 

 it a groove passes forwards and outwards. 

 The frontal bone articulates with the superior 

 maxilla. The temporal is a single bone on 

 each side ; the petrous portion is small, and 

 the zygomatic process large, bearing a promi- 

 nent spine. A ridge connects the external 

 auditory meatus, placed very high up, with 

 the mastoid protuberance, which is very large, the styloid process being short. 

 The maxillary articulation is not supported behind by a well-marked process, 

 and is smallest transversely. The sphenoid is short, with large, flat pterygoid 

 processes ; the wings do not project, but are nearly perpendicular ; the sella 

 turcica is deep, and the olivary and clinoid processes large. 



The nasal bones are long, straight, and strong, firmly connected with the 

 frontal and superior maxillary, but do not articulate with the lachrymal bones ; 

 the nasal peak projects nearly to the level of the incisors. The lachrymals are 

 small, with lachrymal fossae on the supero-external part of the bone instead of 

 in the orbit, as in the horse and ox ; they are pierced by two conduits, which 

 afterwards form one. The malar bone is very strong, and the zygomatic 

 process large, and terminating in two branches, between which rests the 

 zygomatic process of the temporal bone ; the anterior branch is short, and not 

 united to the orbital arch of the frontal bone. The superior maxilla is propor- 

 tionally rather short and narrow, and its surface concave, for the reception of 

 large facial muscles ; it presents a large lateral protuberance anteriorly, whence 



FIG. -25. 

 Skull of a Boar lateral aspect. 



