2G2 



COMPARATIVE MYOLOGY. 



FL-- 



and tills up the space between the ilium, the last rib, and the lumber verte- 

 brae. The fascia transversalis is better marked than in the horse. In the 



muscles of the sublumbar region 

 no comparison is necessary. 



The diaphragm in ruminants is 

 thick and strong, being propor- 

 tionate to the weight of the ab- 

 dominal viscera, which it is its 

 function to compress and force 

 backwards. The crura are both 

 long and large, and the periphery 

 is attached more anteriorly than 

 in the horse. In the camel the 

 diaphragm usually contains a 

 small bone. 



PECTORAL LIMB. 

 The extensors of the metacarpus 

 are disposed as in the horse, ex- 

 cepting that the tendon of the 

 obliquus is inserted to the great 

 metacarpal bone. The extensor 

 pedis is divided throughout its 

 length, giving rise to an external 

 muscle, the extensor communis 

 digitorum, and an internal one, 

 the extensor proprius internus, the 

 former being rather larger than 

 the latter. The tendons of these 

 muscles run down the metacarpus 

 iiicompany,and at the commence- 

 ment of the digits that of the 

 extensor communis bifurcates, a 

 portion being inserted to the 

 pyramidal process of each distal 

 phalanx. The tendon of the 

 extensor proprius internus re- 

 ceives slips from the suspensory 

 ligament about the middle of the 

 first phalanx, and is attached to 

 the median, and outer surface of 

 the internal distal phalanges. The 

 extensor suffraginis becomes, in 

 the ruminant, the extensor pro- 

 prius externus, differing from the 

 former muscle of the horse in 

 being thicker and stronger, and 

 in being inserted in the same 

 manner as the internus. These three muscles are all extensors, but the com- 

 munis is also an approximator, while the proprii are divertors or expansors of 



"h. 



FIG. 87. 



Tendons and ligaments of left anterior extremity of 

 Ox, viewed from external side, a, Flexor perforatus 

 tendon ; a', Its superficial ; a", Its deep branch ; 6, In- 

 terosseus metacarpeus ; c, Flexor perforans tendon : 

 d-d", e-e'", Superior suspensory ligament and attach- 

 ments ; d, anterior division ; d', Its superficial branch, 

 blending at d" with extensor proprius tendon ; e, Deep 

 branch of posterior division ; e, t", Branches forming 

 superior ligaments of small claw ; e'", Inferior liga- 

 ment of small claw ; /, Common aunular ligament : 

 g, g', Superior and inferior special annular ligaments ; 

 h, Interdigital ligament ; i, i', Tendon of the extensor 

 proprius externus. 



