KIDNKYv 



one being longer and narrower than the right. From perverted 

 development, the kidney of the horse is sometimes lobulated. 



The kidney presents two surfaces and a circumference. The 

 surfaces are smooth, the superior one being flattened, and 

 attached to the muscles by cellular tissue ; the inferior one is 

 convex, covered by and attached to the peritoneum. The cir- 

 cumference is divided into three borders ; 

 anterior, posterior, and internal. The 

 two former are convex ; to the first 

 is attached the suprarenal capsule. 

 The internal hord>:r is slightly concave, 

 being deeply notched in the centre, 

 forming the hilus, which leads to a 

 cavity called the sinus. The vessels, 

 nerves, and duct of the kidney join it 

 in or about the hilus. 



The kidney is made up chiefly of 

 the tubes of the gland, termed the 

 v/riniferous tubes, with blood-vessels 

 and nerves, and connective tissue ; it 

 is invested by a fibrous capsule, and 

 contains a cavity known as the pdvi* 

 of the kidney. The capsule invests 

 the entire organ, entering the hilus 

 and covering the sinus, vessels, and 

 duct. It consists of thin, smooth, 

 fibro-areolar tissue, intimately con- 

 nected with the surface of the gland 

 by minute fibrous processes and blood- 

 vessels. On making a horizontal 

 section of a kidnev, it is found to 



:, Capillary plexuses formed by effer- 

 ent ve= - - - from renal artery ; 

 H H, Large tubes of Bellini ; t. Smaller 

 branch of the same. 



FIG. 121. 



Structure of the kidney. A A A, Large 

 branches of renal artery ; a a, Affer- 

 COnsist of an external Or Cortical, ent vessels ; B B. MalpigMan bodies ; 



and an internal or medullary sub- 

 stance. The cortical layer is situated 

 beneath the capsule, sending pro- 

 longations inwards into the medullary portion. It is dark 

 reddish-brown and friable, consisting of minute blood-vessels, 

 convolutions of the uriniferous tubes, lymphatics, and nerves, 

 united by areolar tissue. On examining the section with or 

 without a lens, numerous minute red points are seen in the 

 cortical portion, the Malpighian bodies. Each consists of 



