380 COMPARATIVE SPLANCHNOLOGY. 



The testicle is large and spherical, being situated in the perineal region, and 

 closely covered by the scrotum. The bulbous portion of the vas deferens is 

 less marked, but the vesiculw seminales are large and very glandular in 

 structure, like those of the ruminant, and diverticular internally. There are 

 two prostate glands, an anterior and posterior. The latter may be alluded to 

 by Leyh, when he describes Cowper's glands as being very large in this 

 animal. 



The penis also resembles that of the ruminant ; it is long, thin, and pro- 

 vided with a preputial sac, which secretes a peculiar fluid. The sheath has no 

 muscles. 



In the female the ovary is irregularly lobulated, owing to the Graafian 

 vesicles being prominent. The body of the uterus is short, but the cornua 

 are extremely long, depending among the intestinal convolutions. In the 

 vulva we find the canals of Gartner as in the ruminant, which apparently 

 originate in the parovarium. 



The mammce usually number five or six on each side, arranged in a longi- 

 tudinal row ; each gland has its own teat, which is pierced by several lactifer- 

 ous canals, but there are no sinuses. 



CARNIVORA. 



DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 



The lips of carnivora are thin and mobile, but are not organs of prehension ; 

 the upper one is medially fissured, and projects more or less over the lower ; 

 the latter is dentated posteriorly. The upper lip of the felidae is provided 

 with long, straight, stiff hairs. The hard palate is like that of the small 

 ruminant ; the soft palate is very short ; the tonsils are well marked. The 

 buccal membrane often contains much pigmentary matter, giving rise to large 

 patches of a black colour. The tongue is thin and very mobile. In cats, the 

 papillae on the anterior part are numerous and horny, their points being 

 directed backwards, giving the organ a rough surface ; in dogs the papillae are 

 neither prominent nor hard. The parotid gland is small, its duct crossing the 

 masseter externally. The submaxillari/ gland is larger than the parotid, and 

 has a small accessory gland anteriorly. The sublingual gland is very small in 

 the cat, and wanting in the dog ; in the latter is the orbital gland, which is 

 placed under the zygoma, and in the inferior part of the orbit ; its canals unite 

 to form the duct of Nuckius, which opens into the mouth about the last molar 

 tooth. 



The dog has forty-two teeth, formulated thus : 



3-3 1-1 4-4 2-2 



L 3^3' c - m> P- m - 4^4' m - 3^3 = 42 ' 



In the carnivora the crowns of all the teeth are completely covered with 

 enamel. The upper incisors are the strongest ; the corner ones are the largest, 

 the central the smallest. They, in common with the other teeth, are remark- 

 able for their brilliant whiteness, and present, when not worn on their tables, 

 three tubercles, a large central and two small lateral ones, the tooth somewhat 

 resembling a trefoil or fleur-de-lis. As the animal ages, these projections wear 



