TENTH PAIR PAR VAGUM, OR PNEUMOGASTRIC. 501 



large ones being given off by the ri<jht nerve, and one long small 

 branch, by the left ne />>. 



6. The inferior, or recurrent laryngeal nerve. On the right 

 side, this nerve leaves the par vagum as it passes the first rib, 

 and winds round the origin of the dorsal artery, to gain the side 

 of the trachea. The left one is given off near the root of the 

 lungs, and is inflected round the posterior aorta to reach the 

 trachea. Passing up the trachea below the carotids, the nerves 

 reach the larynx, and are distributed to all its intrinsic muscles 

 excepting the crico-thyroideus, and giving off in their course the 

 tracheal and the recur-rent cesophageal nerves. 



FIG. 189. 



Ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth cranial, first cervical, and part of the sympathetic nerves 

 the left maxillary ramus and parotid gland being removed, a, Carotid artery ; b, Glosso-pharyn- 

 geal ; V, Its pharyugeal ; b", Its lingual branch ; c c, Pneumogastric ; f, Pharyngeal ; c", Superior 

 laryngeal ; d d' d", Spinal accessory ; e e, Hypo-glossal ; /, Great sympathetic ; /", Superior cervical 

 ganglion ; f", Communication of sympathetic and pneumogastric ; g, First cervical nerve. 



7. Cardiac branches which help to form the cardiac plexus. 



8. Numerous branches at the root of the lungs, which form 

 the bronchial plexus, from which branches are distributed to the 

 divisions of the bronchi, and to the lungs. 



After this plexus is formed, each par vagum is continued 

 along the oesophagus by a superior and an inferior branch. 

 After a short course, the superior branches unite, and the inferior 

 branches doing the same, they accompany the oesophagus, one 

 above and the other below, supplying it with numerous twigs, till 

 they enter the abdomen through the cesophageal opening of the 



