THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONS 



455 



the same volume of the solvent. In these experiments the 

 solvent was not a 0.7 per cent. NaCl solution, but a 0.585 per 

 cent. NaOl solution. To each 100 c.c. of this solution were 

 added 5 c.c. of a 0.365 per cent. HC1, or a 0.49 per cent. 



H 2 SO 4 , or a 0.63 per cent. HNO 3 



solution that is, 5 c.c. 



of a one-tenth normal solution of these acids. The Roman 

 numerals indicate the series of experiments; the Arabic fig- 

 ures indicate here, as in the following tables, the increase in 

 weight which each muscle shows in percentage of its original 

 weight after remaining for one hour in the solution. The 

 equation F=210 means in this case, as in the following 

 tables, that 1 or ^ mol. of the electrolyte is dissolved in 210 

 liters of water. 



TABLE I 



(F=210) 



It can easily be seen that the results in each series of 

 experiments harmonize to such an extent that one could 

 easily forget that we are dealing with effects on living 

 tissues. The variations between the values of the individual 

 series of experiments can be explained by the differences in 

 the state of the experimental material. In general, all the 

 results of the same series of experiments show relatively 

 high values (I and V), or relatively low values (for example, 

 II). The temperature has much to do with these variations, 

 but is not the only circumstance of importance. 



From these experiments it can be said that solutions of 

 these three acids, which contain the same number of hydrogen 

 atoms in the same volume, have quantitatively the same 

 effects on the increase in the weight of (the amount of water 

 absorbed by) the muscle. 



