136 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO 1737- 



passing through him ; and in the same place his circle was touched by the arch 

 of another, in some sort confounding itself with it in the place where the third 

 parhelion appeared : this was a good deal fainter than the other two, and the 

 last arch extended but a little way, so as to be difficult to determine where its 

 centre lay ; this arch was coloured also, but with red on its convex part. He 

 had some time before this begun to see also another circle, surrounding the 

 sun at the distance of about 45°, which appeared to be about twice the distance 

 of the first ; and this also increasing while he was considering it, became little 

 less than a semicircle, being also tinged with red like the other on the inner 

 side. When the circle had thus pretty well formed itself, he also discovered 

 the arch of a 4th, touching this, or rather confounding itself with it, in its 

 highest part, and surrounding, as it seemed, the zenith. Of this last circle 

 he saw, when it was most complete, better than half, and it was much stronger 

 coloured than any of the others, being of a bright red on its convex part, and 

 a good blue on the concave. In the part where this circle confounded itself 

 with the larger of those that were concentric to the sun, their common part 

 was nearly white, and brighter than the rest, though hardly enough to call it 

 a 4th parhelion. The principal mock-suns continued tolerably bright till near 

 8 o'clock, the southern part of the phenomenon improving as the northern 

 decayed ; and the southern parhelion was once so bright, that, taking the ad- 

 vantage of a place where a chimney shaded the true sun, it cast a very visible 

 shadow : the white and luminous horizontal tail also, that went from this par- 

 helion, was much longer than that of the other, reaching at one time beyond 

 the outer of the two concentric circles. The parhelia themselves, though very 

 luminous, were, however, never defined with any exactness as to their discs, 

 but looked as we sometimes see the sun through a thin whitish cloud, and they 

 were themselves of a reddish colour on that side next the true sun. About 8 

 the phenomenon was sensibly decreased, and had entirely disappeared by 20" 

 after. All these appearances are exhibited in fig. l6, pi. 5. 



Of a Rupture of the Ileum from an external Contusion, in a Letter from 

 Christian Wolf, Professor of Mathematics at Marpurg, &c. to Wm. Rutty, 

 M. D. formerly Secretary to the R. S. Dated March 3, 1731. An Abstract 

 from the Latin. N° 445, p. 6l. 



Professor Wolf here states that a labourer had received a fatal accident from 

 a large stone falling upon the abdomen, in such manner as to occasion a con- 

 tusion, but no laceration. The man died very unexpectedly the day after the 

 accident. On opening the body, a large rent was discovered in the ileum, and 

 its contents were found effused into the cavity of the abdomen. 



