VOL. XLII.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 545 



Of several Stones Jbund in Bags formed by a Protrusion of the Coats of the Blad- 

 der, as appeared on opening the Body of Mr. Gardiner. By Mr. Edward 

 Nourse, F. R. S. N° 462, p. 1 1 . 



Mr. Gardiner was, on the 5th of March 1739, before the trustees appointed 

 by the Parliament to inquire into the efficacy of Mrs. Stephens's medicines, 

 produced as an instance, where they had been effectual in dissolving the stone 

 in the bladder. 



He was searched by Mr. N. on Saturday the 30th of December 1738, who 

 felt a stone the moment his instrument was introduced ; which was likewise felt 

 by Mr. Wall, his apothecary, then present. Tuesday following Mr. G. began 

 to take Mrs. Stephens's medicines, and continued them 8 months. 



On the 30th of November 1739. Mr. N. saw him at Child's Coffee-house, 

 when he told him he was quite free from his usual disorders. He there 

 searched him again, in the presence of several physicians and surgeons, who 

 likewise felt for the stone, but none could be found. 



Mr. Gardiner dying on Saturday the 2d of January 1741-2, the next morn- 

 ing in the presence of Mr. St. Hill and Mr. Wall, Mr. N. opened his bladder, 

 and therein observed 6 preternatural apertures, of different sizes, the largest, 

 capable of admitting the top of his finger. Each of these openings led to a 

 separate bag, formed by an enlargement of the internal membrane of the blad- 

 der, protruded between the fibres of its muscular coat. 



These bags were to be seen on the back part of the bladder, a little above 

 the vesiculae seminales; and when viewed on the outside, seemed to be but 

 two; though they were in number equal to the openings within, already 

 mentioned ; and divided from each other by the duplicature of the internal 

 membrane, which formed a septum between each of them. 



In these sacculi, or bags, were contained 9 stones ; the largest about the 

 size of a small nutmeg ; and with what facility some of them moved out of, 

 and returned into, the sacculi, the following circumstance will clearly evince. 



When Mr. N. had opened the abdomen, Mr. St. Hill, handling the bladder, 

 brought 1 of these stones up to its fundus, where they were felt by Mr. Wall 

 and himself. They then examined the kidneys : the right contained a little 

 matter, otherwise it was as it should be : but of the left, two-thirds were 

 wasted ; its pelvis was contracted in proportion, and the ureter almost im- 

 pervious. Rehandling the bladder, neither of them could feel any stone ; Mr. 

 N. therefore laid it open, and they fbund them all in the sacculi. The stones 

 that are in one of these sacculi, had been so much enlarged since their lodg- 

 ment, that without force and laceration they could not be got out. 



VOL. VIII. 4 A 



