Qq4 philosophical transactions. [anno 1743. 



any part of his body ; but outrageous when struck or hungry, and pacified 

 in either case only by victuals. In his outrage he jumps about, and springs to 

 an incredible height, driving his head against the walls of the place with great 

 fury and quickness, notwithstanding his lumpish aspect : this Dr. P. saw seve- 

 ral times, especially in a morning, before his rice and sugar were given him. 



In height he did not exceed a young heifer, but was very broad and thick. 

 His head, in proportion, is very large, having the hinder part, next his ears, 

 extremely high, in proportion to the rest of his face, which is flat, and sinks 

 down suddenly forward towards the middle, rising again to the horn, but in a 

 less degree. The horn stands on the nose of the animal, as on a hill. The 

 part of the bone on which the horn is fixed, rises into a blunt cone, to answer 

 to a cavity in the basis of the horn, which is very hard and solid, having no 

 manner of hollow nor core, like those of other quadrupeds. That of this ani- 

 mal, being young, does not rise from its rough base above an inch high, is 

 black and smooth at the top, like those of the ox-kind, but rugged downwards; 

 the determination of its growth is backwards, instead of straight up; which is 

 apparent, as well in the different horns of old rhinoceroses, as in this of our 

 present subject; for the distance from the base to the apex of this, backward, 

 is not within a third part so long as that before, and it has a curved direction; 

 and, considering the proportion of this animal's size to its horn, we may justly 

 imagine, that the creature which bore any one of those great ones, must have 

 been a stupendous animal in size and strength ; and, indeed, it were no wonder, 

 if such were untractable at any rate. 



The sides of his under jaw are wide asunder, slanting outward to the lower 

 edge ; and backward to the neck, the edges turn outward ; from this structure 

 his head naturally looks large. The part that reaches from the fore part of the 

 horn towards the upper lip, may be called the nose, being very bulky, and 

 having a kind of circular sweep downward towards the nostrils: on all this part 

 he has a great number of rugae rutming across the front of it, and advancing 

 on each side towards his eyes. The nostrils are situated very low, in the same 

 direction with the rictus oris, and not above an inch from it. If we look at 

 him in a fore view, the whole nose, from the top of the horn to the bottom of 

 his lower lip, seems shaped like a bell, viz. small and narrow at top, with a 

 broad base. His under lip is like that of an ox, but the upper more like that 

 of a horse; using it, as that creature does, to gather the hay from the rack, 

 or grass from the ground; with this difference, that the rhinoceros has a power 

 of stretching it out above 6 inches, to a point, and doubling it round a stick, 

 or one's finger, holding it fast; so that, as to that action, it is not unlike the 

 proboscis of an elephant. 



