VOL. XLIII.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. Hg 



3. In the third plate, see fig. 5, which is 3 inches high, and almost 2 wide, is 

 an image of Mars placed between two pillars without a pediment, in much the 

 same attitude as the former, with a parazonium over his shield. 



4. The 4th plate, see fig. 6, which is 4-|- inches in height, and I4 inch in 

 breadth, has the figure of Mars in a like attitude, inclosed only in a plain com- 

 partment. 



5. The height of the 5 th, see fig. 7, is 8 inches, and the breadth near 44.; 

 which has also a figure of Mars, much like the former, but turning to the left 

 hand, with a chlamys hanging down on his right side. It stands in the front of a 

 temple, having two pillars on each side, called by Vitruvius tetrastylos, and a 

 double pediment over them. 



6. The 6th plate, see fig. 8, is 6|- inches in height, and 3-J- in breadth. It 

 differs from all the former, as it represents the figure of Vulcan, having his usual 

 attributes, a thick beard, high cap, short tunic, femoralia, and half boots; a 

 forceps in his right hand, and a hammer in his left, with a chlamys thrown over 

 his left arm. He looks to the right, and has before him a vessel like an altar, 

 from which a flame ascends. He is placed in the front of a temple, between two 

 pillars under a pediment, like Mars. 



7. The last plate, see fig. 9, is 3-i- inches high, and near 1 inches wide. It 

 contains also an image of Vulcan in the front of a temple, with his several at- 

 tributes, like the former, but differs from it in the other ornaments. . > 



The design of both the inscriptions is to return thanks for some favour ascribed 

 to the deity, to whom they are addressed. That on the first plate runs thus : 



MARTI 



lOVIALl 



Tl . CLAVDIVS . PRIMVS 



ATTII . LIBER 

 V . S . L . M 



That is, 

 Marti Joviali Titu.1 Claudius Primus, ^ttii libertus, votum solvit libens merito. 

 The word ioviali, in the second line, seems to have been an epithet given to 

 Mars in compliment to the emperor Diocletian, who assumed the name of Jo- 

 vius ; as his colleague Maximian did that of Herculius. Hence we meet with 

 some military bodies in the Notitia, and elsewhere, called Joviani and Herculi- 

 ani from those emperors ; like the Flaviani, iEliani, and the like, which were 

 so denominated from the names of other preceding princes. There are also other 

 epithets of the same form with that in the inscription, taken either from the 

 names of deities, or emperors deified ; such were the Sacerdotes Augustales, Fla- 

 viales, Hadrianales, and others, which often occur in Gruter. In like manner 

 Cicero gives the title of ministri Martiales to the priests of Mars ; and calls the 



