178 * PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO 1745. 



the 2d and 3d stomach, or the omasum, as also the fourth stomach or aboma- 

 sum, were almost empty, but looked well ; the liver was firm, well-coloured, 

 and sound, except a few scirrhous knobs about the size of nutmegs : the gall- 

 bladder was exceedingly large, and full of very fluid gall ; the guts were inflamed 

 in many places, the colon and caecum livid : he had the curiosity to have them 

 measured; from the anus to the insertion of the caecum, there were 12 yards 

 (the caecum was an ell long), and from the caecum to the pylorus, there were 

 62 yards. The midriff was much swelled and inflamed : the lungs were swelled, 

 inflamed, adhered in some places to the pleura, and almost wholly covered with 

 bladders of water : there was no appearance of any inflammation on the pleura, 

 or in either the internal or external intercostal muscles : the windpipe was in- 

 flamed greatly throughout its whole course, especially its inside ; but the gullet, 

 which lay so near it, was not in the least inflamed : the heart was of its natural 

 size, the pericardium full of very fluid blood, probably from the bursting of some 

 branch of the coronary artery, caused by the extraordinaiy accumulation of blood 

 in the right ventricle ; for the vena cava, and right ventricle of the heart, were 

 turgid, and full of black coagulated blood, though this cow had been dead but 

 12 or 14 hours; the lungs were likewise turgid with blood, but little or none 

 was found in the left ventricle or aorta ; the obstruction seemed to have been so 

 great in the lungs, that very little blood could pass through them from the right 

 to the left ventricle of the heart, and therefore evidently evinces the existence of 

 a confinned peripneumony. All the membranes lining the nostrils, and the 

 spongy bones there, were quite turgid with blood, and in the highest state of 

 inflammation. The greater and less brain looked fair and well, seeming no way 

 distempered. 



Dr. M. had not seen, in any cows he had examined, any cutaneous sores or 

 exulcerations, nothing like the boils, carbuncles, &c. described by authors as 

 the constant concomitants of the plague in men : nor does there seem to be any 

 attempt of nature to fling off" the distemper by any internal imposthumation, or 

 discharge, unless by the running at the nose, and by the bilious stools, or bilious 

 urine. The few, which had recovered, had been such as had been kept within 

 doors very warm, had been blooded once, twice, or oftner, had had warm 

 mashes of malt and bran given them, and warm drenches of warm herbs, such 

 as rosemary, wormwood, and ground-ivy, with honey or treacle, and had neither 

 purged at all, or but little ; and when they had not purged at all, their urine had 

 been observed to be as high coloured as Porter's beer. 



He was informed, by the farriers and cowleeches, that a horse or a cow would 

 bear to have near 2 gallons of blood taken away without fainting. One cow he 

 had seen, within about a month or six weeks of her calving-time, was taken with 

 the running at the nose, and shortness of breath ; the owner of her immedi- 



