VOL. XLIV,] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. '2Q7 



of the words Civium Romanorum in this monument. In orbe Romano qui 

 sunt, ex Constitutione Imperatoris Antonini Gives Romani eftecti sunt, are the 

 words of Ulpian, in the first book of the Digest. Tit. de Statu Hominum, Law 

 XVII. That the Antoninus there mentioned was our Caracalla, is abundantly 

 made good by Baron Spanheim, in his comment on that text. To which may 

 be added the words of Prudentius, produced by tlie same learned writer on the 

 occasion. 



What remains, eo®, Dr. T. restores eq^, according to the model of the 

 Durham inscription produced above : 



COH. VARDVL. C.R. EQ. 00 



For the difference in stones is so minute in this particular, that he pronounces 

 it may as well be one as the other. And he reads the whole title of the cx)hort 

 thus : 



co-iors ima fida vARDVLorum Civium Romanorum EQuitate Milliaria anto- 



NINIANA. 



concerning which he offers the following. 



The frequent mention of equestrian cohorts, or, to speak more adequately, of 

 Cohortes Equitatae, in old inscriptions, has been a great cheque on several anti- 

 quaries, who have been taught to consider the cohorts as appropriated to the 

 foot service, as the alae and turmae were to the horse. Mr. Horsley in particu- 

 lar, p. 94, imagines the cohors prima Claudia equitata, which he met with in 

 the Notitia, was intended to intimate that this cohort had been promoted from 

 the foot to the horse service. But when that gentleman was led, by the mark 

 or monagram in the Durham inscription referred to in these papers, to consider 

 that corps as consisting of 1000 horse, his difficulty is increased to that degree, 

 that he knows not what to affirm on it. Now of all this there is a very easy so- 

 lution. The auxiliary or provincial cohorts were either entirely or purely foot, 

 like the legionary and ordinary cohorts ; or else they had a mixture of both kinds 

 of militia, and consisted of horse and foot together. 



This latter sort, as they could not properly be ranked under either denomina- 

 tion of horse or foot, for they were made up of both, seem to have appropriated 

 to themselves the distinguishing title of cohortes equitat^e, corps of infantry 

 with a mixture of horse. And of this term, so very significant, and so little un- 

 derstood, he finds frequent mention. 



Nor have we these testimonies only, but also a full and decisive proof of this 

 denomination, and, what is yet behind, of their number also, in a writer very 

 well versed in military affairs, Hyginus, who wrote a Treatise de Castrameta- 

 tione, in the time of Trajan. From him we are informed, that these troops 

 were called milliariae, as consisting of 1000 private men, part horse and part 

 foot. The proportion of the former of these to the latter, was nearly as 1 to 3, 



VOL. IX. Qa 



