366 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO 1747. 



of Lindham had his cell. In the middle of it, where his body was found, for 8 

 jniles round, is all a morass. 



These sandals are not like the Scotch or Irish brogues; though the Scots for- 

 merly inhabited but a little way off, viz. north of Humber. Perhaps the Danes 

 may wear such, or the ancient Saxons ; for both these people must be well ac- 

 quainted with these parts, as the Danes under Edgar- Atheling encamped a whole 

 winter in this neighbourhood, and had a station at Gigansburgb, now Gains- 

 brough, on this river Trent. The sandal is of one piece of leather, with a seam 

 at the heel, and a thong of the same leather. See fig. 4, 5, 6, pi. 8, 



At Roxby was a famous Roman pavement, 15 yards square, the Roman road, 

 &c. also a square platform at Aldbrough, which seems to be Roman, though no 

 discoveries have as yet been made there; but at Roxby large quantities of Roman 

 coins have been found. 



P. S. As to this water on these moors preserving human bodies,* it is most 

 certain, viz. Part of a body taken up at Geel by Mr. Empson 30 or 6o years 

 ago, and one in the great moor near Thorn, about 7 years ago, with the skin 

 like tanned leather, the hair, teeth, and nails quite fresh. -|- 



• See these Trans. N° 434..— Orig. 



+ Mr. Catesby, f, r. s. author of the History of Carolina, &c. being present, at reading the above 

 account, when the sandal was exhibited, said, this shoe or sandal was exactly like what the Indians 

 in Virginia wear at this day, and call Mokasin. 



That ingenious artist and skilful antiquary Mr. Geo.Vertue comnuinicated to Dr. C. M. D. his sen- 

 timents concerning this sandal in the following words: 



" When the above letter was read at the Society of Antiquaries, there was produced a hand of the 

 woman there mentioned, and a sandal or shoe taken from one of her feet; it being made of leather, 

 tanned ox hide; but remarkable for being cut out of one flat piece, see fig. 6, so as to fold about 

 the foot and heel; the form and make being so contrived without under heel-piece, as to be flat to 

 tread on; the shape, that of a woman's foot, and the toe round pointed. This being of an ancient 

 forra, the society ordered an exact draught to be taken of both that and the hartd ; which drawings 

 are preserved among others belonging to that society. It may be observed concerning the antiquity 

 and use of leather shoes in England, that this shoe or sandal appears by its form to be ancient. I 

 conceive it was before Edward the 4th's time, when by custom piked shoes had so increased in length, 

 that all such as wore them in excessive length were to be mulcted, or have them cut shorter, in pass- 

 ing in or out of the citygates of London. This very likely had passed among the better sort of 

 people about the kingdom ; for Chaucer in his time mentions the use of long piked shoes, so long 

 as to be tied up by strings or small chains to their knees. Thus it might have been with men's shoes, 

 but not in so long a degree for women's use; though observing ancient pictures of men and women 

 in books of illuminations, piked shoes appear in several reigns from Edw. 3d to Rich. 3d in England." 



" Also on our ancient monuments of stone or alabaster cumbent statues have mostly piked shoes. 

 But some of earlier date than Edw. 3d have broad turn-up shoes at the toes, of the same like form 

 and make as this woman's. The men's broad toes, and the women's narrow. 



" Therefore I conclude this very sandal could not well be earlier than Edw. 1st or Hen. 3d; also 

 that the cutting the form, and sowing to form the heel cleverly, by a stitching behind the heel with 



