514 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [anNO 1748. 



can be determined, so as to be of use in the solution of problems; the common 

 method, by expanding the given expression, being altogether impracticable in 

 this case. 



Tliis, he says, is not merely an abstracted useless speculation, but may be 

 applied to good purpose in many difficult and important inquiries into nature; 

 of which he gives an instance or two, and further observes, that most of the 

 lunar equations, given by Sir Isaac Newton, are only such approximations as may 

 be exhibited by the first term of a series derived by the method here delivered. 



The rest of this paper however may be consulted to advantage in the Treatise 

 on Fluxions, by the same author, published in 1750, viz. at art. 356, where it 

 is improved, as given in connection with other methods and examples. 



On the IVeather in South Carolina, with yibstracts of the Tables of Meteorolo' 

 gical Observations in Charlestown. By Dr. John Lining. N" 487, p. 336. 



The vicissitudes of the weather, with respect to heat and cold, are perhaps 

 no where greater than in Carolina, and the summer's heat is probably not inferior 

 to that under most places of the equator; nor is the winter's cold much less, at 

 some times, than that in Britain. 



From near 8 years observation, the greatest increase of the heat of the air, 

 which he discovered in 24 or 30 hours in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, 

 was 19, 24, 13, and 16 degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer; and the greatest 

 decreases of heat, in the same spaces of time, in those seasons, were 35, 32, 27, 

 and 27 degrees respectively. It frequently happens, that one day is 10 or more 

 degrees warmer than the preceding day; but the decreases of heat are always 

 greater and more sudden than its increases. On the 10th of Jan. 1745, at 2 

 p. m. the mercury in the thermometer was at 70; next morning it had sunk to 

 the 26th degree; and on the 12th day in the morning it was at 15, which was 

 the greatest and most sudden change he had seen. 



In summer, the heat of the shaded air, about 2 or 3 in the afternoon, is fre 

 quently between 90 and 95 degrees; and on the 14th, 15th, and l6th of June, 

 1738, at 3 p.m. it was 98; a heat equal to the greatest heat of the human body 

 in health. In winter he never but once saw the thermometer so low as 15; 

 therefore the difference between the most intense heat and cold of the shaded 

 air, in this province, is 83 degrees; which is a much greater range than could 

 well have been expected in this latitude; and taking the mean between those ex- 

 tremes, 56 should be the temperate degree of heat in this province; but the sum 

 of the thermometrical altitudes, divided by the number of observations which he 

 made for some years together, gives QQ, which may therefore more justly be 

 reckoned the temperate heat in Carolina, which exceeds 48, the temperate heat 

 in England, more than that exceeds the freezing point. 



