VOL. XLVII.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 197 



fixed to the upper part of the lower valve, and at the other end to the under 

 part of the upper valve : so that, as the bucket descended with its sinking weight 

 into the sea, both the valves opened by the force of the water, which had by 

 that means a free passage through the bucket. But when the bucket was drawn 

 up, then both the valves were shut by the force of the water at the upper part 

 of the bucket: by which means the bucket was brought up full of the lowest 

 sea-water, to which it had descended. 



When the bucket was drawn up, the hole at the bottom was stopped with a 

 cork, to keep the water in, when the valves were opened, to come at the mer- 

 curial thermometer, which being tied to an upright stick, could readily be un- 

 fastened, by pulling out a loose nail, which went into the upper end of the stick, 

 which was fastened at its lower end in the same manner. But great care must 

 be taken to observe the degree the mercury stands at, before the lower part of 

 the thermometer is taken out of the water ; else it would immediately be al- 

 tered by the different temperature of the air. To keep the bucket in a right 

 position, 4 cords are fixed to it, which reach about 3 feet below it, to which the 

 sinking weight is fixed. 



XXXIII. Observations on the Roman Colonies and Stations in Cheshire and 

 Lancashire. By Thomas Percival, Esq. ; communicated by Hugh Lord IVil- 

 louohby of Parham, F.R.S., p. 21 6. 



In the second iter of Antonine's Itinerary, we find, after several other stations, 

 mentioned Eboracum, Calcariam m. p. ix, Camulodunum m. p. xx, Mamuci 

 um M. p. XVIII, Condate m. p. xviii, Devam m. p. xx. Though with various 

 readings of the names. 



It is agreed, that Deva is Chester, and that Mamucium or Manucium or 

 Mancunium, is Manchester, by the common consent of all antiquarians. But 

 where Condate is situated, is yet a matter of debate ; Mr. P. thinks it must have 

 been what is now Kinderton. Though Mr. Camden and others declare for 

 Congleton ; and some also for Norwich. The great question, where Cambo- 

 dunum is situated, whether according to Mr. Camden, at Almondbury, or, ac- 

 cording to Mr. Horsley, at Greatlandmoor, may be so far determined, that is, 

 at neither. Mr. P. rather thinks it was about Kirklees, or near Rastrick on the 

 banks of the Calder. 



XXXIF'. An Account of Professor Winkler s Experiments relating to Odours 

 passing through electrized Globes and Tubes, being the Extract and Transla^ 

 tionfrom the Latin, of two Letters sent by that Gentleman to Cromn/etl Mor- 

 timer, M. D. Sec. R. S. With an Account of the Result of some Expert- 

 ments made here with Globes and Tubes, transmitted from Leipsic by Mr, 



