200 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. j^ANNO J 758. 



and ditches, and the flowers lie upon the surface of the water. At their time of 

 expansion, which is about 7 in the morning, the stalk is erected, and the flower 

 more elevated above the surface. In this situation it continues till about 4 after- 

 noon, when the flower sinks to the surface of the water, and closes again. — 15. 

 Papaver erraticum nudicaule flore flavo odorato Dillen. Hort. Elth. 302. Pa- 

 paver nudicaule Sp. PI. p. 507. Wild poppy with a naked stalk and a yellow 

 sweet-smelling flower. The flower of this plant opens at 5 in the morning, and 

 closes at 7 in the evening. — 16. Alyssoides incanum, foliis sinuatis Tourn. Inst. 

 213. Alyssum sinuatum Sp. PI. 651. Hoary madwort with sinuated leaves. 

 The flowers of this plant expand between 6 and 8 in the morning, and close at 

 4 afternoon. — 17. Abutilon repens alceae foliis, flore helvolo Dillen. Hort. Elth. 

 5. Malva Caroliniana Sp. PI. 688. Creeping Indian mallow with leaves like 

 vervain mallow, and a flesh-coloured flower. These open at 9 or 10 in the 

 morning, and close at 1 afternoon. — 18. Tragopogon luteum Ger. 5^5. Rail 

 Syn. 171. Tragopogon pratense Sp. PI. 789. Yellow goats beard, or go-to-bed 

 at-noon. The latter of these names was given to this plant long since, on ac- 

 count of this remarkable property. The flowers open in general about 3 or 4 

 o'clock, and close again about 9 or 10 in the morning. These flowers will per- 

 form their vigiliae, if set in a phial of water, within doors for several mornings 

 successively ; and they are sometimes observed to be quite closed, from their 

 utmost state of expansion, in less than a quarter of an hour. It flowers in 

 June. — 19. Tragopogon gramineis foliis, hirsutis. C. B. pin. 275. Raii Hist. 

 Plant. 253. Rose-coloured goats beard. These open between 5 and 6 in 

 the morning, and close about 11. Tragopogon hybridum Sp. Plant. 789. 

 — 20. Tragopogon, calycibus corolla brevioribus inermibus, foliis lyrato-sinuatis. 

 Hort. Ups. 244. Sp. PI. 790. Hall. Hort. Gotting. 2. p. 4 19. The flowers 

 of this plant open at 6 or 7 in the morning, and shut between the hours of 12 

 and 4 afternoon. — 21. Sonchus Tingitanus papaveris folio. Tourn. Raii Suppl. 

 137. Scorzonera Tingitana Sp. pi. 79^- African sowthistle with a poppy leaf. 

 This plant opens its flowers between 4 and 6 in the morning, and closes them in 

 about 3 hours. — 22. Sonchus repens, multis hieracium majus J. B. ii. 1017. 

 Raii Syn. 163. Sonchus arvensis Sp. PI. 793. Tree sowthistle. These flowers 

 expand about 6 or 7? and close between 1 1 and 12 in the forenoon. This is 

 common in cornfields, and flowers in June, July, and August. — 23. Sonchus 

 laevis Grer. Raii Syn. 162. Sonchus oleraceus Sp. PI. 794. Smooth or unprickly 

 sowthistle, hares lettuce. These open about 5 in the morning, and close again 

 atl] or 12. — 24. Sonchus laevis laciniatus caeruleus C. B. pin. 124. Raii Hist, 

 pi. 225. Sonchus alpinus Sp. PI. 794. Blue-flowered mountain sowthistle. 

 These open about 7, and close about noon. — 25. Sonchus tricubitalis, folio 

 cuspidato Morr. pin. Raii Syn. l63. Sonchus asper arborescens C. B. pin. 



