226 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO 1758. 



coriaceous or cartilaginous matter; and in the cranium we find the hrain, which 

 is a white substance, and very firm. At the basis of the head its oval wide 

 mouth is placed, being above two lines long, which often discovers a white hard 

 edge, with which it crops the fucuses and other sea-plants for his nourishment. 

 About half an inch from the ears> there are 2 horns, or antennae, like those of 

 some testaceous animals which serve them for eyes ; and these antennae extend 

 and contract at will, turning to either side also. The oesophagus begins at the 

 upper and inner part of the mouth, which is a delicate long tube ; near which 

 there is another thick one, made nearly like the colon, which leads to a bag or 

 the first stomach, which may be likened to the craw of a fowl : it is always 

 filled with fucus mixed with sand. Sometimes this stomach is double, or at 

 least lengthens itself considerably, and the aliment parts it, as it were, into 2 

 portions. After this craw or stomach we find another, which performs the same 

 oflftce as the gizzard of fowls. The membranes are thick, and are set with 12 

 stones or horny pieces, of a bright yellow colour, and as transparent as fine 

 yellow amber, ending in points like a diamond, so that the great side or basis is 

 set into the membrane of the gizzard as a diamond in its socket : others differ in 

 size, having different figures, that in acting all together they may be able to 

 break and grind the herbs the animal feeds on, as well by the strength of the 

 muscle or gizzard which puts them into action, as by the situation of these stones 

 assisted by grains of sand found in it; turning the whole by this trituration into a 

 liquor. Afterwards, what was thus triturated by the power of the gizzard, 

 passes into a 3d belly or stomach, which is covered by a purple body, resembling 

 the parenchyma of the liver, and nearly of the same consistence : then this 

 belly turns into a long tube, which surrounds this parenchyma, and is covered 

 in like manner by a very fine membrane : it is full of a white liquor, like chyle, 

 and goes to discharge itself into another reservoir, at the side of which is a 

 yellowish gland, like a pancreas. From these 2 bodies or glands, one of which 

 may be called hepatic, and the other pancreatic, two conduits pass out ; that of 

 the pancreas is white, the other of a blackish purple : the first conducts its chyle, 

 condensed into a reservoir or bladder, which may be resembled to the recepta- 

 culum chyli of Pecquet, and thence passes to the fecal matter : the other con- 

 ducts to a body made like the mesentery, but which is always found out of the 

 common capacity or cavity, in which all the viscera are contained. This com- 

 mon capacity is very large, beginning at the head and ending at the tail of the 

 fish : it is sometimes filled with a yellowish water, and is formed by the fleshy 

 body of the animal ; which is only a membrane composed of fibres every way 

 interwoven together, open at the top, where the organs are situated, which 

 contain the purple juice. 

 There is a hollow on the back of the animal, where the canal filled with a 



