248 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO 1758. 



Tournefort was the first who adapted the generical term lichen to them ; but 

 it was in consequence of his joining them to the lichen of the shops. He has 

 however excluded the coralline-mosses, and forms them into a genus, by the 

 name of coralloides; to which he has connected some plants, properly of the 

 fungus tribe. In this distinction he is followed by Dr. Boerhaave in his Index 

 alter Plantarum. 



Dr. Dillenius first called them lichenoides in the catalogue of plants growing 

 about Giessen, choosing to retain the word lichen to the liverwort of the shops. 

 Under this name however, in this work, he does not comprehend the usnese, or 

 hairy-tree mosses, but refers them to the confervae, adding the epithet arborea 

 to each species, to distinguish them from the water kinds. He enumerates up- 

 wards of 60 species of lichenoides, but has applied few or no synonyms to them. 

 Under the same generic term he has introduced them into the 3d edition of Ray's 

 Synopsis of British Plants, taking in the usneae, and recounting upwards of go 

 gpecies, all found spontaneously growing in England. Many of these are doubt- 

 less only varieties. They are in this work very naturally divided into several 

 orders and subdivisions, for the greater ease of distinguishing them, as follows : 



caulifera 



SI. Capillacea et Don tubulosa scntellata. 

 2. Coralliformia tuberculosa pleraraque. {b Tubtlo^a""" *"*'"^'^^* 



)3. Pyxidata. 

 ... ., ) (4. Fungiformia. 



Lichenoides ^ ^ & ^^^^ crustacea 



2. Crusta foliosa scutellata seu foliis f a. Substantise gelatinosae. 

 cauliculis destituta. -^ scutellatis arete adnascentibus, t.b. Substantiae durioris. 

 13. Foliis magis liberis nee tarn fa. Scutellatis et tuberculatis. 

 . arete adnascentibus. \ b. Peltatis. 



M. Vaillant, in the Botanicon Parisiense, retains Tournefort's names. Many 

 of these lichens, as well as other mosses, are accurately represented in the elegant 

 tables which adorn that work. Dr. Haller tells us he learnt to distinguish almost 

 all the mosses solely by the help of these tables, so well are they expressed. 

 The lovers of botanic science are greatly indebted to Boerhaave for his publica- 

 tion of that work. 



Micheli, after Tournefort, adopts the term lichen, and comprehends all the 

 species under it, except one or two, which he calls lichenoides. This author, 

 however does not take into this genus the liverwort of the materia medica; he 

 describes the species of that genus under the name of marchantiae. Near 20 of 

 the plates in his Nova Plantarum Genera are taken up in representing various 

 species of this genus. In this work they are divided into 38 orders or subdivi- 

 sions; a circumstance very necessary indeed, considering how greatly he has mul- 

 tiplied the number of the species. It is to be regretted, that so indefatigable an 

 author, one whose genius particularly led him to scrutinize the minuter subjects 



