VOL. L.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 255 



beautiful appearance. Some have tubercles on the edges of the cups, of a beau- 

 tiful scarlet colour. The cup-moss * was a long time in great and established 

 use for coughs, and especially for the whooping cough in children ; for which it 

 was long accounted a specific. To this end it was given in various forms. 

 Gerard and Parkinson recommend the powder to be taken for several days to- 

 gether. Dr. Willis was particularly one of its patrons. He has given us -|- se- 

 veral forms for its exhibition, as that of the powder, a decoction, and a syrup 

 from it. The present practice has quite exploded it, and very justly perhaps, as 

 in any degree specific in the above disorder. 



4. LiCHENES CrUSTACEI. 



Such as consist of a dry and friable matter, more or less thick, formed into 

 flat crusts, very closely adhering to whatever they grow upon. 



Some of the species of this division consist of an exceedingly fine thin crusta- 

 ceous, or rather as Micheli calls it, farinaceous matter, the fructifications ap- 

 pearing in the form of tubercles. Others consist of a thicker scabrous crust, 

 having the fructifications in the form of little cups, called scutellae. This divi- 

 sion contains the first order of the lichenoides of Dillenius ; the 5th, 6th, and 

 7th orders of Haller's lichens ; the Hellenes leprosi and crustacei of Linneus; 

 and several of the placodium of Hill. The species are numerous, and most of 

 them very common on rocks, stones, old walls, the bark of trees, old pales, 

 &c. which are commonly covered over with them, in undisturbed places. They 

 form a very agreeable variety, and some of them have a very elegant appearance. 



Dr. Dillenius describes a species of this order, which he found upon the tops 

 of the mountains in Caernarvonshire in Wales ; and which the inhabitants told 

 him they used as a red dye, and found it preferable to the cork, or arcel, which 

 they call kenkerig. He has entitled it in English, the white tartareous scarlet- 

 dying lichenoides. J He is of opinion that this is the moss which Martin men- 

 tions, in his account of the Western Islands of Scotland, under the name of 

 corkir : with which the inhabitants of the island of Sky dye a scarlet colour. 

 They prepare it by drying, powdering it, and then steeping it for 3 weeks in 

 urine. Linneus queries whether this moss be not the same as his lichen calca- 

 reus ;'^ a species so peculiar to limestone rocks, that wherever that stone occurs 

 among others, it may be distinguished at the first view by this moss growing 

 upon it. This is a singularity which Dr. Dillenius has not mentioned in his 

 moss : on the other hand, Linneus does not mention any tinging property in his. 



• Coralloides schyphiforme tuberculis fuscis Hist, Muse, 79- Lichenoides tubulosum pyxidatum 

 cinereurn. Raii Syn. iii. p. 6s. Pyxidiurn tnargine leviter serrato. Hill. Hist. Plant, p. 94-. — Orig. 

 t Willis Pharm. Rational, sect. i. cap. 6", de tussi puerorum convulsiva. — Orig. 

 i Lichenoides tartaieum tinctorium candidum tuberculis atris. Hist. Muse. p. 128.— Orig. 

 § Lichen (calcareus) leprosus candidus tuberculis atris Spec. Plant. 11 4-0. — Orig. 



