VOL. L.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS* \ SOQ 



dividing them into 2 kinds; those that have stems, and those that adhere by 

 their shelly bases. The first and most remarkable of those that have stems, is 

 the barnacle : 



Fig. 1 . This differs from the lepas of Linneus in not having a testaceous, only a cartilaginous or 

 fleshy covering. On the top of it are 2 erect tubular figures like ears : these have a communication 

 with the internal parts of the animal (fig. 1. b). These inner parts agree with the general character 

 already given. The stem, which is here dissected, was full of a soft spongy yellow substance, which 

 appeared, when magnified, to consist of regular oval figures, connected together by many small 

 fibres, and no doubt are the spawn of the animal. This extraordinary animal (of which there were 7 

 together) was found sticking to the whale barnacle (See fig. 1 and 7) by Mr. Smith of Stavenger in 

 Norway, who cut both kinds together off a whale's lip, that was thrown upon that coast Jast year, 

 1757, and immediately immersed them in spirits of wine; by which means Mr. E. was able more 

 exactly to describe them. Mr. E. called this animal the naked fleshy barnacle with ears; but it ap- 

 pears to claim, he thinks, the name of triton rather than lepas, according to Linneus, as having no 

 shelly habitation. 



Fig. 2 is the next animal of this class : this is not yet described. Mr. E. found several of them 

 sticking to the warled Norway sea fan, sent here by l^r. Pontoppidan, the bishop of North Bergen : 

 from its appearance, Mr- E. called it the Norway sea fan penknife. The stem of this is covered 

 with little testaceous scales. The upper part of the animal is inclosed in 13 distinct shells, 6 on each 

 side, besides the hinge- shell at the back, which is common to both sides : these are connected to- 

 gether by a membrane that lines the whole inside. One of these is magnified a little at fig. 2, a, the 

 better to express the figure and situation of each shell. 



Fig. 3 is taken from D'Argentville's Lithologie, pi. 30, fig. h, who says it is found in the British 

 channel sticking to sea-plants ; and that these shells consist of 5 pieces. This, from its appearance, 

 Mr. E. called the British channel penknife, to distinguish it from the other. 



Fig. 4 is a species of barnacle called poussepieds by the French, and described by Rondeletius as 

 commonly found adhering to rocks on the coast of Brittany. He says the people there boil and eat 

 the stem, which is first of a mouse colour, and afterwards becomes red like our prawns. There are 

 many heads, that rise out of one stem, each consisting of 2 shells, in which are the same parts of 

 the animal as in the other species. This Mr. E. called the cornucopia barnacle. Some of the shells 

 of this barnacle were drawn from a specimen in the British Museum. This lepas is the mitella of Linn. 



Fig. 5 and 6 are the barnacles called conchae anatiferae : these are the sorts so well known to sailors 

 and formerly supposed to produce a large species of duck called a barnacle. These consist of 5 shells. 

 The tube, that supports one of these kinds, branches out like some species of corallines, bearing a 

 shelled animal at the end of each branch. They are generally found adhering to pieces of wood in 

 the sea, and most ships have some of them sticking to their bottoms. Those of the southern and 

 warmer climates are generally of a larger kind than those of the colder and more northern. 



The next division of these animals is, those that adhere by the base of their shells, having no stems. 

 Here he observes, that the bottoms of the several specie of this division conform in shape to the 

 substances they adhere to, or grasp them in such a peculiar manner, as to render their situation se- 

 cure from the violence of the element they live in. Another provision of nature for the security of 

 these animals, are the 4 opercula, which, on their retreating into the great shell, they can draw to 

 so close after them, as to secure themselves from outward danger. 



Fig. 7, represents the whale barnacle, called pediculus ceti, just as it was cut off the whale's lip 

 with the 7 naked barnacles with ears, already described. Fig. 7, a, is the bottom of the shell. This 

 has the appearance of the gills of a mushroom. All the spaces between these laminae were filled with 

 the blubber of the whale : by this means they adhere to the gristly skin of the fish. The narrovw 



