4*5-2 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO I76O. 



to accompany a " fog, which came from the sea, from the same quarter whence 

 the smoke appeared." In an account of an earthquake in New England, it is 

 said that at Newbury, 40 miles from Boston, the earth opened, and threw up 

 Feveral cart-loads of sand and ashes ; and that the sand was also slightly impreg- 

 nated with sulphur, emitting a blue flame when laid on burning coals. One 

 of the relaters of the earthquake in Jamaica in 1 692, has these words : " In 

 Port-Royal, and in many places all over the island, much suphureous combus- 

 tible matter has been found (supposed to have been thrown out on the opening 

 of the earth,) which on the first touch of fire would flame and burn like a 

 candle. " St. Christophers was heretofore much troubled with earthquakes, 

 which, on the eruption there of a great mountain of combustible matter, which 

 still continues, wholly ceased, and have never been felt there since." 



Again, we are told that on the 20th Nov. 1720, a burning island was raised 

 out of the sea, near Tercera, one of the Azores, at which place several houses 

 were shaken down by an earthquake, which attended the eruption of it. This 

 island was about 3 leagues in diameter, and nearly round ; whence it is manifest 

 ' that the quantity of pumice stones and melted matter, which must have been 

 requisite to form it, was amazingly great : in all probability it must have far 

 exceeded all that has been thrown out of Etna and Vesuvius together within 

 the last 2006 years. This may satisfy us that the fire which occasioned all this 

 must have subsisted for many years, and this without any communication with 

 the external air. It is worth observing that several instances of this kind have 

 happened among the Azores. There are besides many marks of subterraneous 

 fires about these islands, several places sending up smoke or flames. These 

 islands are also subject to violent and frequent earthquakes. We have more in- 

 stances to the same purpose, near the island of Santerini in the Archipelago, 

 where there have been several little islands raised out of the sea by a submarine 

 volcano. Of the eruption of one of these in the year 1 708, with all the circum- 

 stances that attended it, there is a very good account in the Phil. Trans. N'' 314 

 317, 332. It was raised in a place where the sea had been formerly 100 fa- 

 thoms deep, and was attended with earthquakes before it showed itself above 

 water, as well as after. It is reported, that the island of Santerini itself was ori- 

 ginally raised out of the sea in the same manner ; but, be that as it will, we 

 have certain accounts of new islands raised there, or additions made to the old 

 ones, from time to time, for above 1 9OO years backwards, and there have always 

 been earthquakes at the time of these eruptions. 



Another example of the same kind happened at Manila, one of the Philippine 

 islands, in the year 1750. This also was attended with violent earthquakes, to 

 which that island, as well as the rest of the Philippines, is very much subject. 

 Add to these the many instances of vast quantities of pumice stones which have 



