41^. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aKNO I767. 



probably those beautiful farinaceous semicircular stripes on it, which he must 

 have taken for a lapidescent or calcarious substance, one of the most distin- 

 guishing characters of a coralline, even according to his own description of this 

 genus. If he had tried this farinaceous substance with an acid, he might 

 observe that it would not ferment : it is of the same nature with the farina that 

 covers many plants, for instance the prima auricula, and almost all the lichenes 

 foliacei and fruticulosi, or liverworts. As to their similitude to the conferva, 

 the contrary will appear, as soon as I come to give the proper definitions to both 

 these, and the corallines. In the same paragraph he says, that the corallines 

 do not come near to any genus of zoophytes. 



How far he is mistaken in this assertion, I will endeavour to prove from the 

 following experiments. Break a thin piece from the corallium Anglicurn, Essay 

 on Corall. t. 27, n. 1, c, (millepora calcarea, Pallas Elench. p. 265) or of the 

 corallium lichenoides, Essay on Corall. t. 27, n. 2. d; both which. Dr. Pallas, 

 in his Elench. p. 265, has confounded together under the name of millepora 

 calcarea (but which he confesses to be animal) ; and when you examine them 

 in the microscope, you will find in them both regular series of cells, as figured 

 in Essay on Cor. Tab. 27 fig. o. Split at the same time one of the joints of 

 the corallina officinalis of Linnaeus lengthwise, and you will find the series 

 of cells (see pi. 11, fig. 12 and 13), correspond in shape exactly with both 

 the former; which I think proves the organization of these bodies to be the 

 same, and consequently animal. 



Besides, compare the structure of the miriozoon of Donati, Phil. Trans, vol. 

 47, p. 107, tab. 5. (Abridgment, vol. 10, plate 5, millepora truncata, Pallas Ele- 

 ments, p. 249), with those of the corallina rosarium, and corallina incrassata, both 

 which I have carefully dissected and figured in pi. 11, fig. 15, 20, &c. and there 

 appears so great an afiinity between their cells, and even in the opercula of the 

 corallina incrassata, that it affords us reason to conclude with great probability, 

 that their mouths, or suckers, are the same. It cannot be amiss to mention 

 the similitude there is between the stony-jointed corallines, and the isis hippuris, 

 or jointed black and white East Indian coral, and the cellularia salicornia, 

 Pallas Zooph. p. 6], or bugle coralline. Essay on Coral, t. 23, which last two 

 are universally allowed to be animals: in all these are found the same kind of 

 fibres that connect their joints, and exactly in the same manner. To prove that 

 these corallines have a smell very different from vegetables, I must appeal to an 

 experiment made publicly before the Society of Arts, Commerce, &c. and which 

 gave them a satisfactory demonstration of the great difference in nature between 

 corallines and vegetable substances. It happened on the following occasion. 

 A gentleman of Wales had sent the society a parcel of lichen tartareus, of 

 Linn. Ed. 2, sp. pi. i608, as a proper material for dying a red colour, to 



