506 PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. [aNNO J 768. 



that the grinders were all of the same kind. He examined two elepliants' jawS 

 in his brother's collection : he examined the tusks and grinders of the queen's two 

 elephants: and he examined a great number of African elephants' teeth at a 

 warehouse. From all these observations. Dr. H. was convinced that the grinder- 

 tooth, brought from the Ohio, was not that of an elephant; but of some carni- 

 vorous animal, larger than an ordinary elephant : and he could not doubt that 

 the tusk belonged to the same animal. The only difference that he could observe 

 between it and a real elephant's tusk was, that it was more twisted, or had more 

 of the spinal curve, than any of the elephants' teeth which he had seen. 



Dr. H. afterwards examined also several more of the tusks and grinders, that 

 had been sent from the Ohio, to Dr. Franklin, and to Lord Shelburne ; and on 

 the whole he was now fully convinced, that the supposed American elephant was 

 an animal of another species, a pseud-elephant, or animal incognitum, which 

 naturalists were unacquainted with. He imagined further, that this animal 

 incognitum would prove to be the supposed eilephant of Siberia, and other parts 

 of Europe ; and that the real elephant would be found to have been in all ages a 

 native of Asia and Africa only. 



In order to prove to the satisfaction of the Society, that the incognitum of 

 America is of a very different species from the elephant, Dr. H. added 3 draw- 

 ings of the jaw-bone of that animal; which the curators of the British museum 

 were pleased to give him leave to take, and which Mr. llymsdyk executed with a 

 most scrupulous exactness : and that the comparison might be made with ease, 

 he added 3 similar drawings, taken from the largest of the two full-grown ele- 

 phants' jaws which were in his brother's collection; executed with the same care, 

 by the same artist; and drawn to the same scale. PI. 15, fig. 1, is an outside 

 view of the half of the lower jaw of the American incognitum, which the Earl of 

 Shelburne deposited m the British Museum. From the top of the condyle to 

 the anterior extremity, the bone measured, in a straight line, 35 inches : the 

 basis alone, in a straight line, 2 feet 4 inches. Fig. 2 is the same view of the 

 same bone in a full-grown elephant, drawn to the same scale. Whoever will take 

 the pains to compare these two figures with a critical eye will see that they differ 

 so very much, not only in size, but in their general character, and in the jjarti- 

 cnlar parts and features, that he cannot entertain a doubt of their being the jaws 

 of two very different animals. 



Fig. 3, a view of the inside of the same jaw-bone of the incognitum. Fig. 

 4, a view of the inside of the same jaw-bone of the elephant. In comparing 

 these 2 views, the difference if possible is still more manifest. 



Fig. 5, a view from above of the jaw of the incognitum. Fig. 6, the same 

 view of the elephant's jaw-bone. 



In the last place, it may be observed, that as the incognitum of America has 

 been proved to have been an animal different from the elephant, and probably 



