VOL. LXI.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. Q5 



There remain alivCj under 10 years of age, males 126, females 122, in both 

 248. From 70 to 75, males 12, females 21, both 33. From 75 to 80, males 8, 

 females 3, both 11. From 80 to 85, males 3, females 6, both 9. From 85 

 to 90, males 3, females 5, both 8. 



Houses or families in 1765, 2-19 — in 1770, 240. Ditto^ paying window tax, 

 in 1765, 70 — in 1770, 65. Void houses, none. Number of persons in 1765, 

 1096; ditto, in 1770, 1046. 



VIZ. On the Manner in which the Chinese Heat their Rooms. By Mr. Stephen 



de Visme. p. 59. 

 This is merely a letter of ceremony to introduce the following. 



VIII. An Account of the Kang, or Chinese Stoves. By Father Gramont. 

 Translated from the French, p. 61. 



A kang is a kind of stove, that is heated by means of a furnace, which casts 

 all its heat into it. Many kinds of stoves, ovens, and furnaces, have indeed 

 been contrived elsewhere, which are somewhat like this, but the Chinese seemed 

 to have found means to unite all their conveniences and uses in the kang. It is 

 of various sorts ; the kang with a pavement, or ti-kang ; the kang for sitting 

 people, or koa-kang ; and the chimney kang, or tong-kang. As they are all 

 made on the same principle, the description of the koa-kang may be sufficient. 



The parts of a kang are, 1, a furnace; 2, a pipe for the heat; 3, a brick 

 stove ; 4, two funnels for the smoke. The furnace is proportioned to the size 

 of the stove it is intended to heat. The lowest part is the ash hole. Next the 

 cellar. Then the furnace ; having a slit, or mouth, that conveys the flame and 

 heat into the stove by a pipe or conductor for the heat, beginning at the mouth 

 of the furnace, and forming a channel which falls in a right angle on a second, 

 that goes quite through under the middle of the floor, and this last pipe has vent 

 holes here and there. The stove is a pavement made of bricks, which being 

 supported at the four corners by little solid piles, leaves a hollow space between 

 them and the under pavement, where the heat remains pent up, and warms the 

 floor. The smoke funnels are at both ends of the stove, with a little opening 

 on the stove, and another outward, which carries ofl" the smoke. 



Nothing can be more simple than the eflect resulting from the assemblage of 

 all these parts. The heat of the furnace, impelled by the outward air, and at- 

 tracted by the rarefied air of the stove, rushes through the slit, ascends into the 

 tube, spreads through the stove by the vent holes, heats the bricks, and from 



Dutch, printed at Amsterdam 1769, in 4to., with a coloured cut of the same bird. It seems to feed 

 equally on flesh and fish ; which accounts for his uniting the characters of birds of prey, and of 

 waders in water. M.M. — Orig, 



