VOL. LXIX.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 505 



of it, and was persuaded of the incapacity of this animal to modulate his voice 

 so as to articulate words. 



Dr. C. then considered this remarkable passage of Galen's, de Usu Part. Ed. 

 Charter, torn. 4, lib. 7, cap. II, p. 46l: " Foramen in utraque lingulze 

 (epiglottidis) parte iinum efFecit natiira, et foramini ipsi parte interna ventriculum 

 supposuit non parvum. In quern quum aer vias nactus amplas in animal 

 ingreditur, rursusque exit, nihil in ventrem depellitur;" and what he, p. 466, 

 further observes, " fissuram potius, quam foramen esse." When he compared 

 this with the organ in the cynocephali, fig. 3, 4, he was at a loss how to explain 

 Galen; for he could by no means apply those ventriculi, by which he seemed to 

 have understood large capacities, to the small holes, h, i, k, fig. 4, above the 

 rima glottidis i, h, which, though much larger in the cynocephali than in men, 

 could not be applied to this very particular definition of no small bags, ven- 

 triculum non parvum. 



In November 1758 Dr. C. dissected another monkey, in which the mem- 

 branous bag, d, n, o, was much larger, so as to occupy almost the whole fore 

 part of the neck, under the latissimi colli. In the apella (the 29th species of 

 Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, p. 4'2, or simia caudata imberbis, cauda subpre- 

 hensili, corpore fusco, pedibus nigris) there was no such bag at all, nor any 

 opening at the root of the epiglottis, which was entirely similar to that of dogs. 

 In this monkey, the meatus, or the processus peritonaei, were closed as in men. 

 This he dissected in the year 1768, when he was professor in the university of 

 Groningen. Here he got the opportunity, the year following, of dissecting two 

 papiones or sphinges of Linnaeus, simiae semi-caudatae ore vibrissato, unguibus 

 acuminatis, spec. 6, p. 35, a male and a female; in which the epiglottis was 

 likewise perforated, the os hyoides as in the former, but the pouch very small in 

 comparison of the apes, who were very large. 



As these parts are so apparent in many monkeys, and also in the ape, or 

 pithecos. Dr. C. was much surprized that Eustachius did not discover them, 

 especially as he had taken great pains to pursue the anatomical doctrine of Galen, 

 as appears in the 41st plate, where he has given several figures of this organ. 

 Dr. C. was no less surprized that Aibinus and Martins did not fintl this bag; and 

 he wondered how Mr. D'Aubenton, who had the greatest opportunity of any 

 anatomist, could pass over so striking a construction of this organ. He does 

 not mention Riolanus, Fallopius, Gorter, Sylvius, Blasius, and some others, 

 because they had fixed their attention on quite different parts. 



As Galen not only dissected the cebi, or the cynocephali, which are all of 

 the tailed or caudati kind, but the pithecos or ape without a tail; and as the 

 celebrated Dr. Tyson had found the organ of voice so similar to that of men in 



VOL. XIV. 3T 



