VOL. LXIX.] PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. 50Q 



Having given the structure of the organ of voice in 5 different orangs, and 

 demonstrated their conformity in every other respect but the union he men- 

 tioned in some, Dr. C. proceeds now to the internal part of the organ, as it is 

 described by Galen. Fig. 3 shows the inside of the organ, which is represented 

 in fig. 2, consequently of the same orang. def is the epiglottis or lingula; ghkl 

 the cricoid cartilage, divided in the middle, and expanded sidewards; bdh, and 

 gif, the arytenoid cartilages ; ia, and ab, the holes or fissures at each side of the 

 epiglottis; b and i, the cords which form the rima glottidis. All this answers 

 exactly to the description given by Galen. 



The air which is forced by expiration out of the lungs, and passes with an 

 accelerated velocity the rima glottidis, hi being stopped by the hollow epiglottis 

 and the roof of the mouth, narrow nostrils, &c. rushes into these ventricles zx 

 and ORS, fig. 2, or into the united large ventricle abdefg, fig. 6. These are, as 

 Galen rightly observes, seemingly within the animal; for they are covered with 

 the external integuments and the latissimi colli. From thence, or out of these 

 ventricles, the air gets out again by the same fissures ai, ab, fig. 5, through the 

 mouth and nostrils, without entering into the belly of the animal, rursusque 

 exit, nihil in ventrem depellitur; by venter is to be understood the inside of the 

 body. If this organ does not answer entirely to the description of Galen, 

 Dr. C. does not know how to explain the quotation; for there is no animal, as 

 yet known, whose organ of speech is more applicable to it, at least none of the 

 monkey kind, as before observed. 



It is hardly to be conceived, how Dr. Tyson should have overlooked all this, 

 and have pronounced the organ of voice of his pigmy to be exactly like that of 

 men, as he has done p. 51 ; and yet it is not impossible, when we consider that 

 he has overlooked other and more striking differences in his essay. Nor is it 

 probable that Galen should have overlooked the large vermicular process of the 

 coecum and other things, if he had dissected the same kind of African orang as 

 Tyson did, unless he dissected the organ of voice in the one, neglecting the 

 intestines, and again the bones of the feet in another, as is often the case with 

 anatomists. This, however, seems probable, that Galen dissected more than 

 one species of pithecos or apes without a tail, and that even that species was 

 different from the Angolese pigmy, and from the orang of Borneo. 



Having dissected the whole organ of voice in the orang, in apes, and several 

 monkeys. Dr. C. concludes, that orangs and apes are not made to modulate 

 the voice like men: for the air passing by the rima glottidis is immediately lost 

 in the ventricles or ventricle of the neck, as in apes and monkeys, and must 

 consequently return from thence without any force and melody within the throat 

 and mouth of these creatures; and this seems the most evident proof of the 



